Mitophagy as a Protective Mechanism against Myocardial Stress.

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that can undergo fusion, fission, biogenesis, and autophagic elimination to maintain mitochondrial quality control. Since the heart is in constant need of high amounts of energy, mitochondria, as a central energy supply source, play a crucial role in maintaining optimal cardiac performance. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the pathophysiology of heart diseases. In non-dividing, post-mitotic cells such as cardiomyocytes, elimination of dysfunctional organelles is essential to maintaining cellular function because non-dividing cells cannot dilute dysfunctional organelles through cell division. In this review, we discuss the recent findings regarding the physiological role of mitophagy in the heart and cardiomyocytes. Moreover, we discuss the functional role of mitophagy in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial ischemic injury, diabetic cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1407-1424, 2017.