Alfredo Suarez-Sarmiento1, Xiaopan Yao2, Jonathan N Hofmann3, Jamil S Syed1, Wei K Zhao4, Mark P Purdue3, Wong-Ho Chow5, Douglas Corley4, Brian Shuch1. 1. Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 2. Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 3. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 4. Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA. 5. Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites diagnosed with and treated for renal cell carcinoma in an equal access healthcare system. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective cohort study within the Kaiser Permanente healthcare system using records from renal cell carcinoma cases. Ethnicity was identified as Hispanic or non-Hispanic whites. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, tumor characteristics and treatment were compared. Overall and disease-specific survival was calculated, and a Cox proportion hazard model estimated the association of ethnicity and survival. RESULTS: A total of 2577 patients (2152 non-Hispanic whites, 425 Hispanic) were evaluated. Hispanics were diagnosed at a younger age (59.6 years vs 65.3 years). Clear cell renal cell carcinoma was more prevalent, whereas papillary renal cell carcinoma was less common among Hispanics. Hispanics had a lower American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (I/II vs III/IV) than non-Hispanic whites (67.4% vs 62.2%). Hispanics were found to have a greater frequency of comorbidities, such as chronic kidney disease and diabetes, but were more likely to receive surgery. The presence of metastases, nodal involvement, increased tumor size, non-surgical management, increasing age and Hispanic ethnicity were independent predictors of worse cancer-specific outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Within an equal access healthcare system, Hispanics seem to be diagnosed at younger ages, to have greater comorbidities and to present more frequently with clear cell renal cell carcinoma compared with non-Hispanic white patients. Despite lower stage and greater receipt of surgery, Hispanic ethnicity seems to be an independent predictor of mortality. Further work is necessary to confirm these findings.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites diagnosed with and treated for renal cell carcinoma in an equal access healthcare system. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective cohort study within the Kaiser Permanente healthcare system using records from renal cell carcinoma cases. Ethnicity was identified as Hispanic or non-Hispanic whites. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, tumor characteristics and treatment were compared. Overall and disease-specific survival was calculated, and a Cox proportion hazard model estimated the association of ethnicity and survival. RESULTS: A total of 2577 patients (2152 non-Hispanic whites, 425 Hispanic) were evaluated. Hispanics were diagnosed at a younger age (59.6 years vs 65.3 years). Clear cell renal cell carcinoma was more prevalent, whereas papillary renal cell carcinoma was less common among Hispanics. Hispanics had a lower American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (I/II vs III/IV) than non-Hispanic whites (67.4% vs 62.2%). Hispanics were found to have a greater frequency of comorbidities, such as chronic kidney disease and diabetes, but were more likely to receive surgery. The presence of metastases, nodal involvement, increased tumor size, non-surgical management, increasing age and Hispanic ethnicity were independent predictors of worse cancer-specific outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Within an equal access healthcare system, Hispanics seem to be diagnosed at younger ages, to have greater comorbidities and to present more frequently with clear cell renal cell carcinoma compared with non-Hispanic whitepatients. Despite lower stage and greater receipt of surgery, Hispanic ethnicity seems to be an independent predictor of mortality. Further work is necessary to confirm these findings.
Authors: Joshua Sterling; Zorimar Rivera-Núñez; Hiren V Patel; Nicholas J Farber; Sinae Kim; Kushan D Radadia; Parth K Modi; Sharad Goyal; Rahul Parikh; Robert E Weiss; Isaac Y Kim; Sammy E Elsamra; Thomas L Jang; Eric A Singer Journal: Clin Genitourin Cancer Date: 2020-03-20 Impact factor: 2.872
Authors: Ken Batai; Alfredo Harb-De la Rosa; Aye Lwin; Fahad Chaus; Francine C Gachupin; Elinora Price; Benjamin R Lee Journal: Clin Genitourin Cancer Date: 2018-10-27 Impact factor: 2.872
Authors: Paulo S Pinheiro; Heidy N Medina; Karen E Callahan; Tulay Koru-Sengul; Janaki Sharma; Erin N Kobetz; Frank J Penedo Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Date: 2021-04-13 Impact factor: 2.890
Authors: Alejandro Cruz; Faith Dickerson; Kathryn R Pulling; Kyle Garcia; Francine C Gachupin; Chiu-Hsieh Hsu; Juan Chipollini; Benjamin R Lee; Ken Batai Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-02-12 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Ken Batai; Alfredo Harb-De la Rosa; Jiping Zeng; Juan J Chipollini; Francine C Gachupin; Benjamin R Lee Journal: Cancer Med Date: 2019-09-11 Impact factor: 4.452