Overview of Methods for Assessing Salinity and Drought Tolerance of Transgenic Wheat Lines.

Salinity and drought are interconnected, causing phenotypic, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes in a cell. These stresses are the major factors adversely affecting growth and productivity in cereals. Genetic engineering methods have advanced to enable development of genotypes with improved salinity and drought tolerance. The resulting transgenic plant produces a group of progenies which includes moderate to high-stress tolerant transgenic lines. Development of reproducible screening methods to identify high-stress tolerant germplasm under laboratory, greenhouse, or field conditions is must. Further, field level demonstration of improved phenotypes and yield under salinity and drought stress conditions is both challenging and expensive. Fast and efficient screening techniques that could be used to screen transgenic lines under greenhouse conditions, for salt and drought stress tolerance, may contribute toward the identification of promising lines for field conditions. This chapter provides information on various approaches which can be developed during different stages of plant development for selecting salinity and drought tolerant plants in cereals, especially wheat.