Reversal of dabigatran-associated bleeding using idarucizumab: review of the current evidence.

Major bleeding occurs in about 4% of patients while on treatment with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The case-fatality rate associated with these events is estimated to be about 5%. The specific roles of antidotes, when used with DOACs in reducing the case fatality or improving the overall clinical course of these events, are not thoroughly understood. To this regard, the US Food and Drug Administration as well as European Medicines Agency have recently licensed idarucizumab for the management of patients with life-threatening bleeding or the need for urgent surgery/procedures while on treatment with dabigatran. Specifically, idarucizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody fragment that rapidly reverses the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran. Two other antidotes, andeXanet and ciraparantag are currently under evaluation for reversal of DOACs. Here, we report on the use of idarucizumab in two patients who experienced life-threatening bleeding while on treatment with dabigatran for atrial fibrillation and provide a review highlighting the need for antidotes use with DOACs.