Pedro Augusto Sampaio Rocha-Filho1,2, Rinailda Cascia Santos Torres3,4, Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos5. 1. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil. 2. Headache Clinic, Hospital Universitario Oswaldo Cruz, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil. 3. Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil. 4. Scientific Initiation Fellowships Institutional Program (FACEPE), Brazil. 5. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The head and neck are the second most common locations for pain among HIV-positive individuals. Most studies were conducted among HIV patients at an advanced stage of the disease. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients with HIV and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts >500 were included. Semi-structured interview, the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used. RESULTS: Of the 119 cases included, 63% were men. The mean age was 35.5 ± 10.4 years. Among the patients, 103 (87%) had headaches, 53 (45%) had migraines, 50 (42%) had tension-type headaches, and 53 (45%) had substantial and severe impact of headaches. Eleven patients had headaches that started after they had been diagnosed with HIV. These patients had more migraines (72% vs 43%; P < 0.05), greater intensity (8 ± 2 vs 6 ± 2; P < 0.01), and impact (HIT-6: 60 ± 11 vs 51 ± 12; P = 0.02) of headaches compared to others HIV patients. There were no correlations between CD4 counts and the intensity, frequency, or impact of headaches. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-positive patients had a high frequency of headaches, which had a great impact on patients' lives. The pattern most often found was migraine. There was no correlation between CD4 counts and the severity of headaches.
INTRODUCTION: The head and neck are the second most common locations for pain among HIV-positive individuals. Most studies were conducted among HIVpatients at an advanced stage of the disease. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients with HIV and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts >500 were included. Semi-structured interview, the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used. RESULTS: Of the 119 cases included, 63% were men. The mean age was 35.5 ± 10.4 years. Among the patients, 103 (87%) had headaches, 53 (45%) had migraines, 50 (42%) had tension-type headaches, and 53 (45%) had substantial and severe impact of headaches. Eleven patients had headaches that started after they had been diagnosed with HIV. These patients had more migraines (72% vs 43%; P < 0.05), greater intensity (8 ± 2 vs 6 ± 2; P < 0.01), and impact (HIT-6: 60 ± 11 vs 51 ± 12; P = 0.02) of headaches compared to others HIVpatients. There were no correlations between CD4 counts and the intensity, frequency, or impact of headaches. CONCLUSIONS:HIV-positive patients had a high frequency of headaches, which had a great impact on patients' lives. The pattern most often found was migraine. There was no correlation between CD4 counts and the severity of headaches.
Authors: Sachal Sohail; Gertrude Nakigozi; Aggrey Anok; James Batte; Alice Kisakye; Richard Mayanja; Noeline Nakasujja; Kevin R Robertson; Ronald H Gray; Maria J Wawer; Ned Sacktor; Deanna Saylor Journal: J Neurovirol Date: 2019-01-03 Impact factor: 2.643