Gerhard Schmalz1, Katharina Kiehl1, Jan Schmickler1, Sven Rinke2,3, Jana Schmidt1, Felix Krause1, Rainer Haak1, Dirk Ziebolz4. 1. Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. 2. Dental Practice Hanau & Alzenau, Hanau, Germany. 3. Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. 4. Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. dirk.ziebolz@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this randomized clinical study was to detect the effect of an instruction within a group using oscillating-rotating (OR), sonic-active (SA), or manual toothbrushes (MTB) in young, oral healthy adults. METHODS:One hundred fifty participants were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 25): with (OR-I, SA-I, MTB-I) and without instruction (OR-NI, SA-NI, MTB-NI). Participants in I subgroups received one standardized instruction of the toothbrush system. At baseline (t0), after 2 (t1), 4 (t2), and 12 weeks (t3), plaque indices including modified Quigley-Hein Index (QHI) and Marginal Plaque Index (MPI) as well as inflammation indices including Papilla Bleeding Index (PBI) and Gingival Index (GI) were assessed. Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman test, and chi-square or Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS:One hundred thirty-one participants completed the follow-up and were analyzed: OR-I = 21, OR-NI = 22, SA-I = 22, SA-NI = 22, MTB-I = 22, and MTB-NI = 22. Within groups between t0 and t3, OR and SA systems showed a significant plaque reduction, irrespective of instruction (p i < 0.05). In MTB-I and in SA-NI subgroups, a reduction of GI was detected, while an improvement in PBI within SA-I was found (p i < 0.05). Thereby, after 12 weeks, gingival inflammation and plaque indices were comparable between all subgroups (p i > 0.05). Irrespective of the toothbrush system used, only QHI was positively influenced by instruction (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The used toothbrush as well as the presence or absence of a single brush-specific instruction has no influence on plaque removal and reduction of gingival inflammation in young, oral healthy adults in an observation period of 12 weeks. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A single instruction might bring no benefit in this patient group, independently of the used toothbrush system.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: The aim of this randomized clinical study was to detect the effect of an instruction within a group using oscillating-rotating (OR), sonic-active (SA), or manual toothbrushes (MTB) in young, oral healthy adults. METHODS: One hundred fifty participants were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 25): with (OR-I, SA-I, MTB-I) and without instruction (OR-NI, SA-NI, MTB-NI). Participants in I subgroups received one standardized instruction of the toothbrush system. At baseline (t0), after 2 (t1), 4 (t2), and 12 weeks (t3), plaque indices including modified Quigley-Hein Index (QHI) and Marginal Plaque Index (MPI) as well as inflammation indices including Papilla Bleeding Index (PBI) and Gingival Index (GI) were assessed. Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman test, and chi-square or Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-one participants completed the follow-up and were analyzed: OR-I = 21, OR-NI = 22, SA-I = 22, SA-NI = 22, MTB-I = 22, and MTB-NI = 22. Within groups between t0 and t3, OR and SA systems showed a significant plaque reduction, irrespective of instruction (p i < 0.05). In MTB-I and in SA-NI subgroups, a reduction of GI was detected, while an improvement in PBI within SA-I was found (p i < 0.05). Thereby, after 12 weeks, gingival inflammation and plaque indices were comparable between all subgroups (p i > 0.05). Irrespective of the toothbrush system used, only QHI was positively influenced by instruction (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The used toothbrush as well as the presence or absence of a single brush-specific instruction has no influence on plaque removal and reduction of gingival inflammation in young, oral healthy adults in an observation period of 12 weeks. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A single instruction might bring no benefit in this patient group, independently of the used toothbrush system.
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