| Literature DB >> 28904678 |
Fatima Dahmani1,2, Souad Benkirane1,2, Jaafar Kouzih2, Aziz Woumki2, Hassan Mamad2, Azlarab Masrar1,2.
Abstract
Hemoglobinopathies are congenital disorders resultimg from hemoglobin abnormalities. Major forms are often severe, their management is difficult and associated with a great psychosocial impact on patients and their families. They are classified as rare diseases and are still insufficiently known by health professionals. This lack of knowledge is at the origin of diagnostic errors, delay in their management and therefore high morbidity and mortality rate for these patients. In 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) has published data on hemoglobinopathies epidemiology: more than 330.000 cases of hemoglobinopathy occur each year (83% of cases of sickle cell anemia, 17 % of cases of thalassemia). Hemoglobin disorders are responsible for approximately 3.4% of deaths among people under the age of 5. At the global level, approximately 7% of pregnant women would be carriers of a form of thalassemia and 1% of couples are at risk. However, they are relatively frequent in some regions of the globe where consanguineous marriages are common. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study based on two surveys, the first in May 2015 and the second in June of the same year. It was performed in the immunization days to deliver pneumococcal vaccine to the index cases and it was aimed to describe the epidemiological features of families at risk of hemoglobinopathies (index case study), whose index cases were treated in the Department of Pediatrics at the Provincial Hospital El Idrisi, Kenitra, Morocco. After having collected the epidemiological data from patients, laboratory tests were performed including: blood count with red blood cells morphological assessment using the MGG assay and automatic numbering of reticulocytes; hemoglobin electrophoresis at alkaline pH (8.8) and then at acid pH (5.4) on agarose gel and densitometric integration. 275 patients had laboratory profiles compatible with hemoglobinopathy. The majority of these patients were born to consanguineous marriages (83.1%) and came from the north regions of Morocco. This family survey allowed to identify families at risk with a high frequency of sickle cell anemia. Our results confirm the existence of hemoglobinopathies variants among Moroccan population.Entities:
Keywords: Epidemiology; Kenitra; Morocco; anaemia; sickle cell disease; thalassemias
Mesh:
Year: 2017 PMID: 28904678 PMCID: PMC5567958 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.27.150.11477
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Pan Afr Med J
Figure 1Situation géographique de la région rabat Salé Kenitra
Etude descriptive de la population
| Caractéristique | Valeur |
|---|---|
| Age (en année) | 14 (8-33) |
| Sexe | |
| Masculin | 179 (47,2) |
| Féminin | 200 (52,8) |
| Consanguinité | |
| Oui | 315 (83,1) |
| Non | 64 (16,9) |
| Hémoglobinopathies | |
| Normal | 104 (27,4) |
| Drépanocytose hétérozygote A/S | 154 (40,6) |
| Drépanocytose hétérozygote S/S | 87 (23) |
| Trait β-thalassémie | 12 (3,2) |
| Hétérozygotie composite S/ β-thalassémie | 11 (2 ,9) |
| Hémoglobinose hétérozygote AC | 9 (2,4) |
| α-thalassémie mineur | 1 (0,3) |
Exprimé en médiane et intervalle interquartiles
Exprimé en effectif et pourcentage
Les différentes hémoglobinopathies recensées en fonction des résultats d’électrophorèse d’hémoglobine
| Nombre de cas | Hb A | Hb A2 | Hb F | Hb S | HbC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | 104 | 97± 2.04 | 2,3± 1,5 | <1 | ||
| Trait β-thalassémie | 12 | 93.3±3.42 | 5.75±1.8 | 1.06±2.63 | ||
| Hémoglobinose A/C | 9 | 60±2.5 | 3±2.3 | 0.4±0.8 | 36.6±2.3 | |
| α-thalassémie mineur | 1 | ± | ± | ± | ± | ± |
| Drépanocytose hétérozygote A/S | 154 | 61.7±5.2 | 2.5±0.6 | 35.8±1.3 | ||
| Hétérozygotie composite S/ β-thalassémie | 11 | 11.9±17.9 | 4.36±1.9 | 16.83±23.9 | 63±18.5 | |
| Hétérozygotie composite S/C | 1 | 2.7±0.8 | 1.2±0.4 | 49.4±3.5 | 47.7±5.3 | |
| Drépanocytose homozygote S/S | 87 | 2±0.7 | 9.1±2.3 | 88.9±4.9 |
Répartition des patients par tranche d’âge au moment du diagnostic
| Tranche d'âge en années | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-5 ans | 6-10 ans | 11-16 ans | >16 ans | |
| Normal | 17 | 16 | 12 | 59 |
| 16.3% | 15.4% | 11.5% | 56.7% | |
| Drépanocytose heterozygote A/S | 23 | 20 | 16 | 95 |
| 14.9% | 13% | 10.4% | 61.7% | |
| Drépanocytose homozygote S/S | 32 | 22 | 19 | 14 |
| 36.8% | 25.3% | 21.8% | 16.1% | |
| Trait bétathalassémie | 3 | 4 | 1 | 4 |
| 25% | 33.3% | 8.3 % | 33.3% | |
| Hétérozygotie composite S/ β-thalassémie | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 |
| 18.2% | 36.4% | 18.2% | 27.3% | |
| Hémoglobinose hétérozygote AC | 4 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| 44.4% | 33.3% | 22.2% | ||
| Hétérozygotie composite S/C | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 100.0% | ||||
| Alpha thalassémiemineur | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 100.0% | ||||
| Total | 82 | 69 | 51 | 177 |
| 21.6% | 18.2% | 13.5% | 46.7% | |
Paramètres de l’hémogramme chez la population étudiée
| Paramètres | Groupe A/C | Groupe A/S | Groupe S/S | Groupe S/ β | Groupe trait et β thalassémie |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hémoglobine | 9.25 ± 3.11 | 12.13± 2.44 | 7.59 ± 0.91 | 8.41± 2.13 | 10,23 ± 2.04 |
| VGM (μm3) | 63.42 ± 9.23 | 77.32 ± 8.13 | 80.81±12.37 | 78.69 ± 11.90 | 74.10 ± 15.19 |
| TCMH (pg) | 21.56 ± 3.48 | 26.87± 3.20 | 28.0273 ±4.50 | 27.77± 3.89 | 24.02± 5.01 |
| CCMH (%) | 33.97 ± 1.42 | 34.70 ± 1.62 | 34.6545± 1.04 | 34.88 ± 1.69 | 32.42 ± 1.95 |
| Réticulocytes | 45 ,5 ± 11,76 | 80 ± 86 | 363 ± 195,5 | 262 ± 134 | 117 ± 164 |
| Plaquettes | 297.22 ± 156,58 | 425.39±148.47 | 335.90±101,11 | 319.56±125.77 | 288± 106,11 |
| Leucocytes | 8.67 ± 2.9585 | 7.98 ± 3.98 | 13.55± 5.32 | 13.34 ± 5.28 | 9.61 ± 3.95 |
| Neutrophiles | 4.0500 ± 1,69 | 5.48± 2.44 | 5.028± 1,86 | 3.61± 2.34 | 4,89± 3,64 |
| RDW (%) | 18.1222± 2,82 | 20.18± 3.98 | 19.34± 4,47 | 15.17± 3.13 | 19,75± 6,99 |
VGM: volume globulaire moyen; CCMH: concentration corpusculaire moyenne en hémoglobine ; TCMH : Teneur corpusculaire moyenne en hémoglobine