Martin Beaumont1, Kevin Joseph Portune2, Nils Steuer3, Annaïg Lan1, Victor Cerrudo2, Marc Audebert4, Florent Dumont5, Giulia Mancano6, Nadezda Khodorova1, Mireille Andriamihaja1, Gheorghe Airinei3, Daniel Tomé1, Robert Benamouzig3, Anne-Marie Davila1, Sandrine Paule Claus7, Yolanda Sanz2, François Blachier8. 1. Mixed research unit Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France. 2. Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of agronomy and food technology - Spanish National Research Council, Valencia, Spain. 3. Department of Gastroenterology, Avicenne Hospital, Public Assistance-Hospital of Paris, Bobigny, France. 4. Research Centre in Food Toxicology, University of Toulouse, INRA, Toulouse National Veterinary School, Polytechnic National Institute - Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France. 5. Genomic Platform, Cochin Institute, Paris, France; and. 6. Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom. 7. Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom francois.blachier@agroparistech.fr s.p.claus@reading.ac.uk. 8. Mixed research unit Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France; francois.blachier@agroparistech.fr s.p.claus@reading.ac.uk.
Abstract
Background: Although high-protein diets (HPDs) are frequently consumed for body-weight control, little is known about the consequences for gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity and for large intestine mucosal homeostasis. Moreover, the effects of HPDs according to the source of protein need to be considered in this context.Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the quantity and source of dietary protein on microbiota composition, bacterial metabolite production, and consequences for the large intestinal mucosa in humans.Design: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-design trial was conducted in 38 overweight individuals who received a3-wk isocaloric supplementation with casein, soy protein, or maltodextrin as a control. Fecal and rectal biopsy-associated microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Fecal, urinary, and plasma metabolomes were assessed by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance. Mucosal transcriptome in rectal biopsies was determined with the use of microarrays. Results: HPDs did not alter the microbiota composition, but induced a shift in bacterial metabolism toward amino acid degradation with different metabolite profiles according to the protein source. Correlation analysis identified new potential bacterial taxa involved in amino acid degradation. Fecal water cytotoxicity was not modified by HPDs, but was associated with a specific microbiota and bacterial metabolite profile. Casein and soy protein HPDs did not induce inflammation, but differentially modified the expression of genes playing key roles in homeostatic processes in rectal mucosa, such as cell cycle or cell death.Conclusions: This human intervention study shows that the quantity and source of dietary proteins act as regulators of gut microbiota metabolite production and host gene expression in the rectal mucosa, raising new questions on the impact of HPDs on the large intestine mucosa homeostasis. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02351297.
RCT Entities:
Background: Although high-protein diets (HPDs) are frequently consumed for body-weight control, little is known about the consequences for gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity and for large intestine mucosal homeostasis. Moreover, the effects of HPDs according to the source of protein need to be considered in this context.Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the quantity and source of dietary protein on microbiota composition, bacterial metabolite production, and consequences for the large intestinal mucosa in humans.Design: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-design trial was conducted in 38 overweight individuals who received a 3-wk isocaloric supplementation with casein, soy protein, or maltodextrin as a control. Fecal and rectal biopsy-associated microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Fecal, urinary, and plasma metabolomes were assessed by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance. Mucosal transcriptome in rectal biopsies was determined with the use of microarrays. Results: HPDs did not alter the microbiota composition, but induced a shift in bacterial metabolism toward amino acid degradation with different metabolite profiles according to the protein source. Correlation analysis identified new potential bacterial taxa involved in amino acid degradation. Fecal watercytotoxicity was not modified by HPDs, but was associated with a specific microbiota and bacterial metabolite profile. Casein and soy protein HPDs did not induce inflammation, but differentially modified the expression of genes playing key roles in homeostatic processes in rectal mucosa, such as cell cycle or cell death.Conclusions: This human intervention study shows that the quantity and source of dietary proteins act as regulators of gut microbiota metabolite production and host gene expression in the rectal mucosa, raising new questions on the impact of HPDs on the large intestine mucosa homeostasis. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02351297.
Authors: Luis E González-Salazar; Edgar Pichardo-Ontiveros; Berenice Palacios-González; Ana Vigil-Martínez; Omar Granados-Portillo; Rocío Guizar-Heredia; Adriana Flores-López; Isabel Medina-Vera; Pamela K Heredia-G-Cantón; Karla G Hernández-Gómez; Georgina Castelán-Licona; Liliana Arteaga-Sánchez; Aurora E Serralde-Zúñiga; Azalia Ávila-Nava; Lilia G Noriega-López; Juan G Reyes-García; Carlos Zerrweck; Nimbe Torres; Armando R Tovar; Martha Guevara-Cruz Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2020-11-03 Impact factor: 5.614
Authors: Sarah K Kirschner; Nicolaas E P Deutz; Renate Jonker; Steven W M Olde Damink; Rajesh I Harrykissoon; Anthony J Zachria; Srinivasan Dasarathy; Mariëlle P K J Engelen Journal: Clin Nutr Date: 2020-10-10 Impact factor: 7.324