R C Bortolin1, A R Vargas1, J Gasparotto1, P R Chaves1, C E Schnorr1, Kd B Martinello2, A K Silveira1, T K Rabelo3, D P Gelain1, J C F Moreira1. 1. Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo-Departamento de Bioquímica - Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. 2. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental-Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia. 3. Departamento de Educação em Saúde-Campus Universitário Professor Antônio Garcia Filho-Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Lagarto, SE, Brasil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a metabolic disorder that predisposes patients to numerous diseases and has become a major global public-health concern. Animal models of diet-induced obesity (DIO) are frequently used to study obesity, but which DIO model most accurately reflects the pathology of human obesity remains unclear. In this study, we designed a diet based on the human Western diet (WD) and compared it with the cafeteria diet (CAF) and high-fat diet (HFD) in order to evaluate which diet most closely mirrors human obesity. METHODS: Wistar rats were fed four different diets (WD, CAF, HFD and a low-fat diet) for 18 weeks. Metabolic parameters and gut microbiota changes were then characterized. RESULTS: Rats fed the four different diets exhibited completely different phenotypes, highlighting the importance of diet selection. This study also revealed that WD most effectively induced obesity and obesity-related disorders, and thus proved to be a robust model of human obesity. Moreover, WD-fed rats developed obesity and obesity-related comorbidities independent of major alterations in gut microbiota composition (dysbiosis), whereas CAF-fed rats developed the greatest dysbiosis independent of obesity. We also characterized gut microbiota after feeding on these four different diets and identified five genera that might be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that diet, and not the obese state, was the major driving force behind gut microbiota changes. Moreover, the marked dysbiosis observed in CAF-fed rats might have resulted from the presence of several additives present in the CAF diet, or even a lack of essential vitamins and minerals. Based on our findings, we recommend the use of the prototypic WD (designed here) in DIO models. Conversely, CAF could be used to investigate the effects of excessive consumption of industrially produced and highly processed foods, which are characteristic of Western society.
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES:Obesity is a metabolic disorder that predisposes patients to numerous diseases and has become a major global public-health concern. Animal models of diet-induced obesity (DIO) are frequently used to study obesity, but which DIO model most accurately reflects the pathology of humanobesity remains unclear. In this study, we designed a diet based on the human Western diet (WD) and compared it with the cafeteria diet (CAF) and high-fat diet (HFD) in order to evaluate which diet most closely mirrors humanobesity. METHODS:Wistar rats were fed four different diets (WD, CAF, HFD and a low-fat diet) for 18 weeks. Metabolic parameters and gut microbiota changes were then characterized. RESULTS:Rats fed the four different diets exhibited completely different phenotypes, highlighting the importance of diet selection. This study also revealed that WD most effectively induced obesity and obesity-related disorders, and thus proved to be a robust model of humanobesity. Moreover, WD-fed rats developed obesity and obesity-related comorbidities independent of major alterations in gut microbiota composition (dysbiosis), whereas CAF-fed rats developed the greatest dysbiosis independent of obesity. We also characterized gut microbiota after feeding on these four different diets and identified five genera that might be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that diet, and not the obese state, was the major driving force behind gut microbiota changes. Moreover, the marked dysbiosis observed in CAF-fed rats might have resulted from the presence of several additives present in the CAF diet, or even a lack of essential vitamins and minerals. Based on our findings, we recommend the use of the prototypic WD (designed here) in DIO models. Conversely, CAF could be used to investigate the effects of excessive consumption of industrially produced and highly processed foods, which are characteristic of Western society.
Authors: Talita S Higa; Acauã V Spinola; Miriam H Fonseca-Alaniz; Fabiana Sant Anna Evangelista Journal: Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol Date: 2014-03-13
Authors: Gary D Wu; Jun Chen; Christian Hoffmann; Kyle Bittinger; Ying-Yu Chen; Sue A Keilbaugh; Meenakshi Bewtra; Dan Knights; William A Walters; Rob Knight; Rohini Sinha; Erin Gilroy; Kernika Gupta; Robert Baldassano; Lisa Nessel; Hongzhe Li; Frederic D Bushman; James D Lewis Journal: Science Date: 2011-09-01 Impact factor: 47.728
Authors: Virginie Lecomte; Nadeem O Kaakoush; Christopher A Maloney; Mukesh Raipuria; Karina D Huinao; Hazel M Mitchell; Margaret J Morris Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-05-18 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Allison L Machnicki; Cassaundra A White; Chad A Meadows; Darby McCloud; Sarah Evans; Dominic Thomas; John D Hurley; Daniel Crow; Habiba Chirchir; Maria A Serrat Journal: J Appl Physiol (1985) Date: 2022-01-06
Authors: Tânia Martins; Rúben Leite; Ana Filipa Matos; Joana Soares; Maria João Pires; Maria DE Lurdes Pinto; Maria João Neuparth; Ana Rita Sequeira; Luís Félix; Carlos Venâncio; Sandra Mariza Monteiro; Bruno Colaço; Irene Gouvinhas; Ana Isabel Barros; Eduardo Rosa; Paula Alexandra Oliveira; Luís Miguel Antunes Journal: In Vivo Date: 2022 Sep-Oct Impact factor: 2.406
Authors: Dushani L Palliyaguru; Annamaria L Rudderow; Alex M Sossong; Kaitlyn N Lewis; Caitlin Younts; Kevin J Pearson; Michel Bernier; Rafael de Cabo Journal: Geroscience Date: 2020-05-11 Impact factor: 7.713
Authors: Kyoko Hasebe; Michael D Kendig; Nadeem O Kaakoush; Aynaz Tajaddini; R Frederick Westbrook; Margaret J Morris Journal: Anim Microbiome Date: 2022-05-12
Authors: Robbi E Cardenas-Perez; Lizeth Fuentes-Mera; Ana Laura de la Garza; Ivan Torre-Villalvazo; Luis A Reyes-Castro; Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha; Aracely Garcia-Garcia; Juan Carlos Corona-Castillo; Armando R Tovar; Elena Zambrano; Rocio Ortiz-Lopez; Jennifer Saville; Maria Fuller; Alberto Camacho Journal: Nutr Metab (Lond) Date: 2018-06-05 Impact factor: 4.169