Mohammadreza Mohebbi1, Van Nguyen2, John J McNeil3, Robyn L Woods3, Mark R Nelson4, Raj C Shah5, Elsdon Storey3, Anne M Murray6, Christopher M Reid7, Brenda Kirpach8, Rory Wolfe3, Jessica E Lockery3, Michael Berk9. 1. Deakin University, Biostatistics Unit, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia. Electronic address: m.mohebbi@deakin.edu.au. 2. Deakin University, Biostatistics Unit, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Geelong, Australia. 3. Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 4. Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia. 5. Department of Family Medicine and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States. 6. Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States. 7. Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia. 8. Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States. 9. Deakin University, School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The 10-item Center for the Epidemiological Studies of Depression Short Form (CES-D-10) is a widely used self-report measure of depression symptomatology. The aim of this study is to investigate the psychometric properties of the CES-D-10 in healthy community dwelling older adults. METHODS: The sample consists of 19,114 community-based individuals residing in Australia and the United States who participated in the ASPREE trial baseline assessment. All individuals were free of any major illness at the time. We evaluated construct validity by performing confirmatory factor analysis, examined measurement invariance across country and gender followed by evaluating item discrimination bias in age, gender, race, ethnicity and education level, and assessing internal consistency. RESULTS: High item-total correlations and Cronbach's alpha indicated high internal consistency. The factor analyses suggested a unidimensional factor structure. Construct validity was supported in the overall sample, and by country and gender sub-groups. The CES-D-10 was invariant across countries, and although evidence of marginal gender non-invariance was observed there was no evidence of notable gender specific item discrimination bias. No notable differences in discrimination parameters or group membership measurement non-invariance were detected by gender, age, race, ethnicity, and education level. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the CES-D-10 is a reliable and valid measure of depression in a volunteer sample. No noteworthy evidence of invariance and/or item discrimination bias is observed across gender, age, race, language and ethnic groups.
BACKGROUND: The 10-item Center for the Epidemiological Studies of Depression Short Form (CES-D-10) is a widely used self-report measure of depression symptomatology. The aim of this study is to investigate the psychometric properties of the CES-D-10 in healthy community dwelling older adults. METHODS: The sample consists of 19,114 community-based individuals residing in Australia and the United States who participated in the ASPREE trial baseline assessment. All individuals were free of any major illness at the time. We evaluated construct validity by performing confirmatory factor analysis, examined measurement invariance across country and gender followed by evaluating item discrimination bias in age, gender, race, ethnicity and education level, and assessing internal consistency. RESULTS: High item-total correlations and Cronbach's alpha indicated high internal consistency. The factor analyses suggested a unidimensional factor structure. Construct validity was supported in the overall sample, and by country and gender sub-groups. The CES-D-10 was invariant across countries, and although evidence of marginal gender non-invariance was observed there was no evidence of notable gender specific item discrimination bias. No notable differences in discrimination parameters or group membership measurement non-invariance were detected by gender, age, race, ethnicity, and education level. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the CES-D-10 is a reliable and valid measure of depression in a volunteer sample. No noteworthy evidence of invariance and/or item discrimination bias is observed across gender, age, race, language and ethnic groups.
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