Shuoyan Ning1, Theodore E Warkentin2. 1. Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology and Thromboembolism), Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 2. Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology and Thromboembolism), Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Electronic address: twarken@mcmaster.ca.