Characteristics of 1-methyl-4-(2'-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity in the mouse.

1-Methyl-4-(2'-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2'CH3-MPTP) was shown previously to be a more potent neurotoxicant than 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice. The present investigation was conducted to determine possible reasons for the greater potency of 2'CH3-MPTP and to determine if its neurotoxic action might be similar to that of MPTP. 2'CH3-MPTP was a much better substrate for monoamine oxidase than was MPTP (Km values of 66 and 114 microM and Vmax values of 3433 and 1389 nmol/g of tissue per hr for 2'CH3-MPTP and MPTP, respectively) and it is likely that this is an important feature which contributes to its greater potency. In addition, its pyridinium metabolite, 1-methyl-4-(2'-methylphenyl)pyridinium was found to be an excellent substrate for the dopamine carrier with Km and Vmax values (513 nM and 4.1 nmol/g of tissue per min, respectively) similar to those of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (872 nM and 5.2 nmol/g of tissue per min, respectively). In vivo, 2'CH3-MPTP-induced neurotoxicity, like MPTP-induced neurotoxicity, was attenuated by the pretreatment of mice with a dopamine uptake inhibitor (mazindol or GBR 13069). However, selective doses of the monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitors, deprenyl or MDL 72145, failed to prevent in vivo neurotoxicity induced by 2'CH3-MPTP although these doses effectively blocked MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. Protection against 2'CH3-MPTP-induced neurotoxicity was observed only at a nonselective dose of MDL 72145 which blocked both MAO-B and MAO-A activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)