The interactions between gut microbiota and entomopathogenic fungi: a potential approach for biological control of Blattella germanica (L.).

BACKGROUND: Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana mainly infect insects through the cuticle; gut infection occasionally occurs. Micro-organisms existing in the gut may play a crucial role in the evolution and ecology of host defenses against fungal pathogens. To evaluate whether the gut bacteria participate in antifungal activity, and to determine their role in host protection, the interactions between gut bacteria and M. anisopliae and the diversity of gut microbiota in cockroaches were studied.
RESULTS: An oral feeding test showed that the mortality of conventional cockroaches was significantly lower than that of germ-free cockroaches; both gut homogenates and aqueous fecal extracts showed antifungal activity, but the samples from germ-free cockroaches did not. Twenty-two bacterial strains with antifungal activity and siderophore-producing ability were isolated from the gut and feces of cockroaches. Using high-throughput sequencing techniques, a total of 23 different phyla and 212 genera were detected. The composition of the microbiota of the hindgut was vastly different from those of the foregut and midgut; higher diversity and abundance of Bacteroides and Pseudomonas were found in the hindgut.
CONCLUSION: The gut microbiota of German cockroaches may play a critical role in protecting cockroaches from fungal invasion and colonization. Removing certain bacteria from the B. germanica microbiota may facilitate microbial control using fungal pathogens.