Inhalation exposure of nano diamond induced oxidative stress in lung, heart and brain.

1. Today, diamond nanoparticles have several industrial applications. Nano diamond (ND) as a carbon allotrope diffuses in the air easily during producing and processing procedures. 2. In this study, we investigated sub-acute exposed to ND at the exposure chamber in mice. The animals were divided into two groups (control and exposed group to ND at the concentration of 3 µg/m3 for 3 h/day, 5 days/week for 30 days) in a whole-body inhalation chamber. 3. Our results showed that exposure to ND induced the hematological and biochemical changes. The target organs for ND were the lungs, brain and heart in the mice, respectively. Also, ND increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation (LPO), the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), decreased a level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and finally increased a level of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in lung, brain and heart tissues. Our results suggest that exposure to ND can induce oxidative stress in the tissue mentioned. 4. These results suggest that exposure of researchers and workers with diamond nanoparticles probably increase a risk of respiratory, cardiovascular and cerebral disorders through oxidative stress. However, good ventilation, appropriate personal protective equipment and using of anti-oxidant compounds in daily diet of worker are suggested.