Ebrahim Nemati1, Christina Batteate2, Michael Jerrett3,4. 1. Department of Electrical Engineering, UCLA ER Lab, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 2. UCLA Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 3. UCLA Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA. mjerrett@ucla.edu. 4. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, South 56-060 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. mjerrett@ucla.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review sought to summarize recent literature and applications of passive, or opportunistic, mobile sensing in the fields of exposure science in built environment settings; highlight innovative opportunistic sensing systems; and analyze their functionality, significant features, and limitations. RECENT FINDINGS: Fifty-two papers related to opportunistic environmental sensing from 2009 or later were related to this review, of which 27 were included. An array of applications have emerged in environmental monitoring, employing anywhere from one to six of the phone's on-board sensors. The viability of an application is determined by several key factors: the number and quality of sensors on-board the smartphone; power and processing demand; algorithm complexity; data security; mobile network coverage; reliance on external data sources; minimum number of users required; and degree of user burden when using the application. Some factors are universal, while others are more context-specific. Future research should assess sensing applications based on these factors.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review sought to summarize recent literature and applications of passive, or opportunistic, mobile sensing in the fields of exposure science in built environment settings; highlight innovative opportunistic sensing systems; and analyze their functionality, significant features, and limitations. RECENT FINDINGS: Fifty-two papers related to opportunistic environmental sensing from 2009 or later were related to this review, of which 27 were included. An array of applications have emerged in environmental monitoring, employing anywhere from one to six of the phone's on-board sensors. The viability of an application is determined by several key factors: the number and quality of sensors on-board the smartphone; power and processing demand; algorithm complexity; data security; mobile network coverage; reliance on external data sources; minimum number of users required; and degree of user burden when using the application. Some factors are universal, while others are more context-specific. Future research should assess sensing applications based on these factors.
Keywords:
Built environment; Environmental monitoring; Exposure science; Mobile sensing; Opportunistic sensing; Passive sensing; Smartphone sensor
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