Evelien M Barendse1,2,3, Lisanne J Schreuder4,5, Geert Thoonen6, Marc P H Hendriks3,7, Roy P C Kessels3,7, Walter H Backes2,5, Albert P Aldenkamp1,2,4, Jacobus F A Jansen2,5. 1. Department of Research and Development, Kempenhaeghe Expertise Centre for Epileptology, Sleep Medicine and Neurocognition, Heeze, The Netherlands. 2. School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 3. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 4. Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. 5. Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 6. Special Education School de Berkenschutse, Heeze, The Netherlands. 7. Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Abstract
AIM: People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) typically have deficits in the working memory (WM) system. WM is found to be an essential chain in successfully navigating in the social world. We hypothesize that brain networks for WM have an altered network integrity in ASD compared to controls. METHODS: Thirteen adolescents (one female) with autistic disorder (n = 1), Asperger's disorder (n = 7), or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (n = 5), and 13 typically developing healthy control adolescents (one female) participated in this study. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed using an n-back task and in resting state. RESULTS: The analysis of the behavioral data revealed deficits in WM performance in ASD, but only when tested to the limit. Adolescents with ASD showed lower binary global efficiency in the WM network than the healthy control group with n-back and resting-state data. This correlated with diagnostic scores for total problems, reciprocity, and language. CONCLUSION: Adolescents with higher-functioning autism have difficulty with the WM system, which is typically compensated. Functional MRI markers of brain network organization in ASD are related to characteristics of autism as represented in diagnostic scores. Therefore, functional MRI provides neuronal correlates for memory difficulties in adolescents with ASD.
AIM: People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) typically have deficits in the working memory (WM) system. WM is found to be an essential chain in successfully navigating in the social world. We hypothesize that brain networks for WM have an altered network integrity in ASD compared to controls. METHODS: Thirteen adolescents (one female) with autistic disorder (n = 1), Asperger's disorder (n = 7), or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (n = 5), and 13 typically developing healthy control adolescents (one female) participated in this study. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed using an n-back task and in resting state. RESULTS: The analysis of the behavioral data revealed deficits in WM performance in ASD, but only when tested to the limit. Adolescents with ASD showed lower binary global efficiency in the WM network than the healthy control group with n-back and resting-state data. This correlated with diagnostic scores for total problems, reciprocity, and language. CONCLUSION: Adolescents with higher-functioning autism have difficulty with the WM system, which is typically compensated. Functional MRI markers of brain network organization in ASD are related to characteristics of autism as represented in diagnostic scores. Therefore, functional MRI provides neuronal correlates for memory difficulties in adolescents with ASD.