Amina Z Khambalia1,2, Charles S Algert1, Jennifer R Bowen2,3, Rebecca J Collie4, Christine L Roberts1,2. 1. Clinical and Population Perinatal Health Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 2. Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 3. Department of Neonatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 4. School of Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Abstract
AIM: Large for gestational age (LGA) babies have increased risks for short-term outcomes such as shoulder dystocia, neonatal hypoglycaemia and longer hospital stay. Little is known of long-term health, development and educational outcomes of LGA babies. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term health, mortality, development and educational outcomes for infants born LGA at term. METHODS: A population-based record linkage study of live singletons born at term (37-41 weeks of gestation) in New South Wales, Australia, from 2001 to 2006. RESULTS: This study compared 49 439 LGA (>90th percentile for birthweight, gestational age and sex) and 400 418 appropriate size for gestational age (AGA; 10th-90th percentile) infants. LGA infants had increased risk of birth and neonatal outcomes and hospitalisations, for brachial plexus injury after the neonatal period, and for all causes from 1 to 5 years of age. There were no differences in mortality up to 5 years of age or hospitalisations for type 1 diabetes in childhood. LGA infants had lower rates of developmental vulnerability (in kindergarten) and showed a significant trend (χ2 for trend <0.0001) to fewer low scores and more high scores in reading and numeracy (in Year 3) compared with AGA. After adjusting for potential confounders, only the relative risk for higher reading scores was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: LGA infants show positive long-term health, development and educational outcomes. Concerns for LGA infants still remain in the perinatal period as a result of birth trauma; however, these complications usually do not persist in postnatal and early childhood.
AIM: Large for gestational age (LGA) babies have increased risks for short-term outcomes such as shoulder dystocia, neonatal hypoglycaemia and longer hospital stay. Little is known of long-term health, development and educational outcomes of LGA babies. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term health, mortality, development and educational outcomes for infants born LGA at term. METHODS: A population-based record linkage study of live singletons born at term (37-41 weeks of gestation) in New South Wales, Australia, from 2001 to 2006. RESULTS: This study compared 49 439 LGA (>90th percentile for birthweight, gestational age and sex) and 400 418 appropriate size for gestational age (AGA; 10th-90th percentile) infants. LGA infants had increased risk of birth and neonatal outcomes and hospitalisations, for brachial plexus injury after the neonatal period, and for all causes from 1 to 5 years of age. There were no differences in mortality up to 5 years of age or hospitalisations for type 1 diabetes in childhood. LGA infants had lower rates of developmental vulnerability (in kindergarten) and showed a significant trend (χ2 for trend <0.0001) to fewer low scores and more high scores in reading and numeracy (in Year 3) compared with AGA. After adjusting for potential confounders, only the relative risk for higher reading scores was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: LGA infants show positive long-term health, development and educational outcomes. Concerns for LGA infants still remain in the perinatal period as a result of birth trauma; however, these complications usually do not persist in postnatal and early childhood.
Authors: Arash Derakhshan; Robin P Peeters; Peter N Taylor; Sofie Bliddal; David M Carty; Margreet Meems; Bijay Vaidya; Liangmiao Chen; Bridget A Knight; Farkhanda Ghafoor; Polina V Popova; Lorena Mosso; Emily Oken; Eila Suvanto; Aya Hisada; Jun Yoshinaga; Suzanne J Brown; Judit Bassols; Juha Auvinen; Wichor M Bramer; Abel López-Bermejo; Colin M Dayan; Robert French; Laura Boucai; Marina Vafeiadi; Elena N Grineva; Victor J M Pop; Tanja G Vrijkotte; Leda Chatzi; Jordi Sunyer; Ana Jiménez-Zabala; Isolina Riaño; Marisa Rebagliato; Xuemian Lu; Amna Pirzada; Tuija Männistö; Christian Delles; Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen; Erik K Alexander; Scott M Nelson; Layal Chaker; Elizabeth N Pearce; Mònica Guxens; Eric A P Steegers; John P Walsh; Tim I M Korevaar Journal: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol Date: 2020-06 Impact factor: 44.867
Authors: Jiayuan Hao; Faxue Zhang; Dieyi Chen; Yanyun Liu; Lina Liao; Cui Shen; Tianyu Liu; Jingling Liao; Lu Ma Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2019-09-06 Impact factor: 4.223