Babak Moeini1, Hadi Zamanian2, Zahra Taheri-Kharameh3, Tahereh Ramezani4, Mohamadhasan Saati-Asr5, Mohamadhasan Hajrahimian6, Mohammadali Amini-Tehrani2. 1. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 2. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. Religion and Health Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran; Students Research Center, Department of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Electronic address: ztaheri@muq.ac.ir. 4. Students Research Center, Department of Public Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. 5. Students Research Center, Department of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 6. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Religion and Health Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Abstract
CONTEXT: Spirituality plays an important role in coping with chronic diseases for patients and they often report unmet spiritual and existential needs, which should be considered for a holistic view of their health. Studying spiritual needs in this generation requires culturally appropriate and valid instruments. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties, such as validity, reliability, and factor structure of the Persian version of Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties, such as validity, reliability, and factor structure of the Persian version of Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ). METHODS: The "forward-backward" procedure was applied to translate the SpNQ from English into Persian. The SpNQ-Persian Version (SpNQ-PV) was checked in terms of validity and reliability with a convenience sample of 100 elders with chronic diseases who were recruited from the inpatient wards at two university hospitals in Qom, Iran. The validity was assessed using content, face, and construct validity. The Cronbach alpha and test-retest were used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. RESULTS: The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated a five-factor solution for the questionnaire, which included religious needs, existential needs, forgiveness/generativity needs, need for inner peace, and emotional needs. These accounted for 60.1% of the total observed variance. One item was removed (factor loading <0.4). Convergent validity was supported mostly by the pattern of association between SpNQ-PV and the Spiritual Well-being Scale. Cronbach alpha of the subscales ranged from 0.56 to 0.78 and the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.72 to 0.91, which indicated an acceptable range of reliability. CONCLUSION: The SpNQ-PV showed a minor difference in structuring and indicated good psychometric properties, which can be used to assess the spiritual needs of Iranian elders suffering from chronic diseases.
CONTEXT: Spirituality plays an important role in coping with chronic diseases for patients and they often report unmet spiritual and existential needs, which should be considered for a holistic view of their health. Studying spiritual needs in this generation requires culturally appropriate and valid instruments. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties, such as validity, reliability, and factor structure of the Persian version of Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties, such as validity, reliability, and factor structure of the Persian version of Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ). METHODS: The "forward-backward" procedure was applied to translate the SpNQ from English into Persian. The SpNQ-Persian Version (SpNQ-PV) was checked in terms of validity and reliability with a convenience sample of 100 elders with chronic diseases who were recruited from the inpatient wards at two university hospitals in Qom, Iran. The validity was assessed using content, face, and construct validity. The Cronbach alpha and test-retest were used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. RESULTS: The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated a five-factor solution for the questionnaire, which included religious needs, existential needs, forgiveness/generativity needs, need for inner peace, and emotional needs. These accounted for 60.1% of the total observed variance. One item was removed (factor loading <0.4). Convergent validity was supported mostly by the pattern of association between SpNQ-PV and the Spiritual Well-being Scale. Cronbach alpha of the subscales ranged from 0.56 to 0.78 and the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.72 to 0.91, which indicated an acceptable range of reliability. CONCLUSION: The SpNQ-PV showed a minor difference in structuring and indicated good psychometric properties, which can be used to assess the spiritual needs of Iranian elders suffering from chronic diseases.