Effect of joint pathology, surface preparation and fixation methods on union frequency after first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis: A systematic review of the English literature.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this systematic review was to perform a qualitative synthesis of the current literature to determine the union frequencies for first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis as well as the influence of pathology, joint preparation and fixation methods on union.
METHODS: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched to identify relevant studies reporting on first metatarsophalangeal joint union frequencies.
RESULTS: 26 studies with 2059 feet met our inclusion criteria. The mean age was 60 years (range 18-84) and the mean follow-up was 32.6 months (range 1.5-156). The union frequency was 93.5% (1923/2059). The union frequencies were significantly higher when low velocity joint preparation methods were used (P<0.0001, Chi Square 22.5) and the pathology was hallux rigidus (P=0.002, Chi square 9.3). There were similarly high union frequencies with crossed screws, locking plate and non-locking plates.
CONCLUSIONS: High union frequency can be expected following first metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis, especially when low velocity joint preparation methods are used in patients with hallux rigidus.