Interaction of Lead with Calcium, Iron, and Zinc in the Biological Samples of Malnourished Children.

Interaction between toxic and essential elements is of particular interest, because the deficiency of essential element can dramatically increase the absorption rate of toxic metals inside the body. This study was conducted to evaluate the possible correlation of lead (Pb) with calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in biological samples (whole blood and scalp hair) of malnourished children (MNC). For comparative purposes, age-matched, well-nourished children (WNC) were selected. The concentrations of understudy elements were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after microwave acid digestion. The accuracy of the methodology, as well as its its validity and efficiency, was checked through certified reference material of whole blood and scalp hair. The result indicates that the MNC have a twofold higher level of Pb, while the levels of essential elements (Ca, Fe, and Zn) were onefold to twofold lower as compared to the WNC (p < 0.05). Significant negative correlations of Pb with Ca, Fe, and Zn were found in the studied malnourished population at p < 0.05. Further research studies are required to elucidate the role of these metals and the mechanism of interaction inside the body.