Costas Thomopoulos1, Gianfranco Parati, Alberto Zanchetti. 1. aDepartment of Cardiology, Helena Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece bDepartment of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, San Luca Hospital cDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca dScientific Direction, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS eCentro Interuniversitario di Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It is currently unknown whether individuals with SBP/DBP values in the ranges 120-139/80-89 mmHg, usually defined as with prehypertension or high-normal and normal blood pressure (BP), benefit from BP-lowering treatment and whether benefits in these individuals depend on the level of their cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVES: Meta-analyzing all available data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the effects on cardiovascular outcomes of BP-lowering treatment in individuals with normal or high-normal BP values in absence of baseline antihypertensive drugs and free from a recent myocardial infarction, left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. METHODS: From an available database of BP-lowering RCTs updated to end 2016, RCTs were selected only including normotensive individuals or including both hypertensive and normotensive individuals but providing separate information in normotensive individuals. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals, and absolute risk reduction of cardiovascular outcomes and all deaths were calculated by a random-effects model. RESULTS: We identified 24 RCTs providing data on 47 991 high-normal or normal BP individuals. BP-lowering treatment was found to significantly reduce cardiovascular disease risk in these individuals, but risk reduction was limited to stroke. When RCTs were stratified according to total cardiovascular risk, no significant benefits were found in RCTs including individuals at low-moderate risk (13 RCTs, 21 128 individuals), whereas a significant reduction in stroke risk (-60% to a SBP/DBP reduction of 10/5 mmHg) was found in RCTs including individuals at high-very high risk mostly because of symptomatic cardiovascular disease (11 RCTs, 26 863 individuals). In high-very high-risk normotensive individuals, BP-lowering treatment appeared to reduce stroke risk independently of the drug class used. CONCLUSION: Individuals with very high cardiovascular risk due to symptomatic cardiovascular disease should consider BP-lowering treatment even when their BP is in the high-normal and normal range.
BACKGROUND: It is currently unknown whether individuals with SBP/DBP values in the ranges 120-139/80-89 mmHg, usually defined as with prehypertension or high-normal and normal blood pressure (BP), benefit from BP-lowering treatment and whether benefits in these individuals depend on the level of their cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVES: Meta-analyzing all available data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the effects on cardiovascular outcomes of BP-lowering treatment in individuals with normal or high-normal BP values in absence of baseline antihypertensive drugs and free from a recent myocardial infarction, left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. METHODS: From an available database of BP-lowering RCTs updated to end 2016, RCTs were selected only including normotensive individuals or including both hypertensive and normotensive individuals but providing separate information in normotensive individuals. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals, and absolute risk reduction of cardiovascular outcomes and all deaths were calculated by a random-effects model. RESULTS: We identified 24 RCTs providing data on 47 991 high-normal or normal BP individuals. BP-lowering treatment was found to significantly reduce cardiovascular disease risk in these individuals, but risk reduction was limited to stroke. When RCTs were stratified according to total cardiovascular risk, no significant benefits were found in RCTs including individuals at low-moderate risk (13 RCTs, 21 128 individuals), whereas a significant reduction in stroke risk (-60% to a SBP/DBP reduction of 10/5 mmHg) was found in RCTs including individuals at high-very high risk mostly because of symptomatic cardiovascular disease (11 RCTs, 26 863 individuals). In high-very high-risk normotensive individuals, BP-lowering treatment appeared to reduce stroke risk independently of the drug class used. CONCLUSION: Individuals with very high cardiovascular risk due to symptomatic cardiovascular disease should consider BP-lowering treatment even when their BP is in the high-normal and normal range.