Cristina Portellano-Ortiz1, Josep Garre-Olmo2,3, Laia Calvó-Perxas2, Josep Lluís Conde-Sala1,2. 1. a Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain. 2. b Research Unit , Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI) , Institut d'Assistència Sanitària , Salt , Spain. 3. c Department of Medical Sciences , University of Girona , Girona , Spain.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study are: to analyze the factor structure of the EURO-D depression scale; to explore the variables associated with depressive symptoms in the total sample and in the EURO-D factors; and to compare the presence of depressive symptoms and the factor distribution in 15 European countries. METHOD: 62,182 participants in Wave 5 (2013) of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were included. INSTRUMENTS: The SHARE study and the EURO-D scale. Factor, bivariate and multilevel analyses were performed. RESULTS: Higher levels of depressive symptoms were associated with a poorer self-perception of physical health (η2 = 0.22) and economic difficulties (η2 = 0.07). Factor analysis of the EURO-D identified two factors: Suffering and Motivation. Higher levels of depressive symptoms were associated with female gender and younger age (≤60) in the Suffering factor, and with less activity and exercise, older age (≥71), widowhood and lower educational level in the Motivation factor. Poorer self-perception of physical health and economic difficulties were associated with higher depressive symptomatology in both factors. CONCLUSIONS: Poorer self-perception of physical health, female gender, economic difficulties, widowhood, lower levels of activity and exercise and lower educational level were associated with higher depressive symptomatology. In the countries of southern Europe, the Motivation factor predominated.
OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study are: to analyze the factor structure of the EURO-D depression scale; to explore the variables associated with depressive symptoms in the total sample and in the EURO-D factors; and to compare the presence of depressive symptoms and the factor distribution in 15 European countries. METHOD: 62,182 participants in Wave 5 (2013) of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were included. INSTRUMENTS: The SHARE study and the EURO-D scale. Factor, bivariate and multilevel analyses were performed. RESULTS: Higher levels of depressive symptoms were associated with a poorer self-perception of physical health (η2 = 0.22) and economic difficulties (η2 = 0.07). Factor analysis of the EURO-D identified two factors: Suffering and Motivation. Higher levels of depressive symptoms were associated with female gender and younger age (≤60) in the Suffering factor, and with less activity and exercise, older age (≥71), widowhood and lower educational level in the Motivation factor. Poorer self-perception of physical health and economic difficulties were associated with higher depressive symptomatology in both factors. CONCLUSIONS: Poorer self-perception of physical health, female gender, economic difficulties, widowhood, lower levels of activity and exercise and lower educational level were associated with higher depressive symptomatology. In the countries of southern Europe, the Motivation factor predominated.
Entities:
Keywords:
EURO-D; European countries; SHARE; aging; depressive symptoms; factor analysis
Authors: Ziggi Ivan Santini; Paul E Jose; Ai Koyanagi; Charlotte Meilstrup; Line Nielsen; Katrine R Madsen; Carsten Hinrichsen; Robin I M Dunbar; Vibeke Koushede Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Date: 2020-10-09 Impact factor: 4.328