Ritsuko Kohno1,2, Ryan Koene1, Paul Sarcia3, David G Benditt4. 1. Cardiovascular Division, Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 508, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. 2. Department of Heart Rhythm Management, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan. 3. Cardiology Division, Park-Nicollet Medical Center, St Louis Park, MN, USA. 4. Cardiovascular Division, Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 508, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. bendi001@umn.edu.