Jordi Miró1, Ester Solé2, Elena Castarlenas2, Mark P Jensen3. 1. Chair in Pediatric Pain URV-Fundación Grünenthal, Spain; Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Spain; Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain. Electronic address: jordi.miro@urv.cat. 2. Chair in Pediatric Pain URV-Fundación Grünenthal, Spain; Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Spain; Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain. 3. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Valid and reliable measures of patients' pain beliefs are needed by clinicians and researchers to better understand the efficacy and mechanisms of pain treatments. The objective of this work was to address this need by further developing the pediatric version of the Survey of Pain Attitudes (Peds-SOPA), one of the most commonly used measures of pain beliefs. METHODS: A convenience sample of three hundred and seven adolescents (mean age= 14.35; SD=1.62; 59% girls) participated in the study. They rated the intensity of their worst pain experienced in the 3 months prior to the assessment and completed both the Functional Disability Inventory and a revised version of a pediatric version of the Survey of Pain Attitudes (Peds-SOPA-R). RESULTS: Factor analyses confirmed a seven-factor solution of the questionnaire, and the revised version demonstrated improvements in the internal consistency of several of the scales (values ranged between adequate and good: 0.71-0.87), except for the Medical Cure scale which showed an internal consistency value of 0.65. The results support the validity of the Peds-SOPA-R scale scores by showing, as predicted, positive relationships between beliefs thought to be maladaptive (e.g., the belief that one is unable to function because of pain) and pain intensity and disability, and negative relationships with beliefs thought to be adaptive (e.g., the belief that exercise is beneficial for pain management) and these criterion variables. CONCLUSIONS: These findings will be helpful to researchers who wish to study the role that pain beliefs play in adjustment to pain in youth. IMPLICATIONS: The results provide critical psychometric information about a revised version of one of the most used questionnaires to assess pain beliefs. The evidence presented will be helpful to researchers who want to study the role that pain beliefs play in adjustment to chronic pain in young people.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Valid and reliable measures of patients' pain beliefs are needed by clinicians and researchers to better understand the efficacy and mechanisms of pain treatments. The objective of this work was to address this need by further developing the pediatric version of the Survey of Pain Attitudes (Peds-SOPA), one of the most commonly used measures of pain beliefs. METHODS: A convenience sample of three hundred and seven adolescents (mean age= 14.35; SD=1.62; 59% girls) participated in the study. They rated the intensity of their worst pain experienced in the 3 months prior to the assessment and completed both the Functional Disability Inventory and a revised version of a pediatric version of the Survey of Pain Attitudes (Peds-SOPA-R). RESULTS: Factor analyses confirmed a seven-factor solution of the questionnaire, and the revised version demonstrated improvements in the internal consistency of several of the scales (values ranged between adequate and good: 0.71-0.87), except for the Medical Cure scale which showed an internal consistency value of 0.65. The results support the validity of the Peds-SOPA-R scale scores by showing, as predicted, positive relationships between beliefs thought to be maladaptive (e.g., the belief that one is unable to function because of pain) and pain intensity and disability, and negative relationships with beliefs thought to be adaptive (e.g., the belief that exercise is beneficial for pain management) and these criterion variables. CONCLUSIONS: These findings will be helpful to researchers who wish to study the role that pain beliefs play in adjustment to pain in youth. IMPLICATIONS: The results provide critical psychometric information about a revised version of one of the most used questionnaires to assess pain beliefs. The evidence presented will be helpful to researchers who want to study the role that pain beliefs play in adjustment to chronic pain in young people.
Authors: Isabel Salvat; Cristina Adillón; Eva Maria Andrés; Sonia Monterde; Jordi Miró Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-04-06 Impact factor: 3.390