Allan J Walkey1, Ewan C Goligher2,3, Lorenzo Del Sorbo4, Carol L Hodgson5, Neill K J Adhikari6, Hannah Wunsch7, Maureen O Meade8, Elizabeth Uleryk9, Dean Hess10, Daniel S Talmor11, B Taylor Thompson10, Roy G Brower12, Eddy Fan2. 1. 1 Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. 2. 2 Interdivisional Department of Critical Care and. 3. 3 Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 4. 4 Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 5. 5 Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 6. 6 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 7. 7 Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 8. 8 Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 9. 9 Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 10. 10 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 11. 11 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and. 12. 12 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Abstract
RATIONALE: Trials investigating use of lower tidal volumes and inspiratory pressures for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have shown mixed results. OBJECTIVES: To compare clinical outcomes of mechanical ventilation strategies that limit tidal volumes and inspiratory pressures (LTV) to strategies with tidal volumes of 10 to 15 ml/kg among patients with ARDS. METHODS: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials investigating LTV mechanical ventilation strategies. We used random effects models to evaluate the effect of LTV on 28-day mortality, organ failure, ventilator-free days, barotrauma, oxygenation, and ventilation. Our primary analysis excluded trials for which the LTV strategy was combined with the additional strategy of higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), but these trials were included in a stratified sensitivity analysis. We performed metaregression of tidal volume gradient achieved between intervention and control groups on mortality effect estimates. We used Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology to determine the quality of evidence. RESULTS: Seven randomized trials involving 1,481 patients met eligibility criteria for this review. Mortality was not significantly lower for patients receiving an LTV strategy (33.6%) as compared with control strategies (40.4%) (relative risk [RR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-1.08; heterogeneity statistic I2 = 46%), nor did an LTV strategy significantly decrease barotrauma or ventilator-free days when compared with a lower PEEP strategy. Quality of evidence for clinical outcomes was downgraded for imprecision. Metaregression showed a significant inverse association between larger tidal volume gradient between LTV and control groups and log odds ratios for mortality (β, -0.1587; P = 0.0022). Sensitivity analysis including trials that protocolized an LTV/high PEEP cointervention showed lower mortality associated with LTV (nine trials and 1,629 patients; RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66-0.98; I2 = 46%). Compared with trials not using a high PEEP cointervention, trials using a strategy of LTV combined with high PEEP showed a greater mortality benefit (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.41-0.82; P for interaction = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The trend toward lower mortality with LTV ventilation in the primary analysis and the significant relationship between the degree of tidal volume reduction and the mortality effect together suggest, but do not prove, that LTV ventilation improves mortality among critically ill adults with ARDS.
RATIONALE: Trials investigating use of lower tidal volumes and inspiratory pressures for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have shown mixed results. OBJECTIVES: To compare clinical outcomes of mechanical ventilation strategies that limit tidal volumes and inspiratory pressures (LTV) to strategies with tidal volumes of 10 to 15 ml/kg among patients with ARDS. METHODS: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials investigating LTV mechanical ventilation strategies. We used random effects models to evaluate the effect of LTV on 28-day mortality, organ failure, ventilator-free days, barotrauma, oxygenation, and ventilation. Our primary analysis excluded trials for which the LTV strategy was combined with the additional strategy of higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), but these trials were included in a stratified sensitivity analysis. We performed metaregression of tidal volume gradient achieved between intervention and control groups on mortality effect estimates. We used Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology to determine the quality of evidence. RESULTS: Seven randomized trials involving 1,481 patients met eligibility criteria for this review. Mortality was not significantly lower for patients receiving an LTV strategy (33.6%) as compared with control strategies (40.4%) (relative risk [RR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-1.08; heterogeneity statistic I2 = 46%), nor did an LTV strategy significantly decrease barotrauma or ventilator-free days when compared with a lower PEEP strategy. Quality of evidence for clinical outcomes was downgraded for imprecision. Metaregression showed a significant inverse association between larger tidal volume gradient between LTV and control groups and log odds ratios for mortality (β, -0.1587; P = 0.0022). Sensitivity analysis including trials that protocolized an LTV/high PEEP cointervention showed lower mortality associated with LTV (nine trials and 1,629 patients; RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66-0.98; I2 = 46%). Compared with trials not using a high PEEP cointervention, trials using a strategy of LTV combined with high PEEP showed a greater mortality benefit (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.41-0.82; P for interaction = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The trend toward lower mortality with LTV ventilation in the primary analysis and the significant relationship between the degree of tidal volume reduction and the mortality effect together suggest, but do not prove, that LTV ventilation improves mortality among critically ill adults with ARDS.
Authors: João João Mendes; José Artur Paiva; Filipe Gonzalez; Paulo Mergulhão; Filipe Froes; Roberto Roncon; João Gouveia Journal: Rev Bras Ter Intensiva Date: 2022-01-24
Authors: Anuj B Mehta; Allan J Walkey; Douglas Curran-Everett; Daniel Matlock; Ivor S Douglas Journal: Crit Care Med Date: 2021-02-01 Impact factor: 9.296