Silvia Rossi1, Valeria Studer1, Caterina Motta1, Serena Polidoro1, Jacopo Perugini2, Giulia Macchiarulo1, Ambra Mara Giovannetti1, Lorena Pareja-Gutierrez1, Andrea Calò1, Isabella Colonna1, Roberto Furlan1, Gianvito Martino1, Diego Centonze1. 1. From the Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (S.R., J.P., A.M.G., L.P.-G.), IRCCS Fondazione Isitituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi (V.S., C.M., S.P., G. Macchiarulo, A.C., I.C., D.C.), University Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Brain Injury and Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation (V.S.), Ospedale Moriggia-Pelascini, Gravedona; IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed (C.M., D.C.), Pozzilli; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia (S.P., G. Macchiarulo, A.C., I.C.), Rome; and Institute of Experimental Neurology (R.F., G. Martino), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. 2. From the Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (S.R., J.P., A.M.G., L.P.-G.), IRCCS Fondazione Isitituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi (V.S., C.M., S.P., G. Macchiarulo, A.C., I.C., D.C.), University Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Brain Injury and Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation (V.S.), Ospedale Moriggia-Pelascini, Gravedona; IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed (C.M., D.C.), Pozzilli; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia (S.P., G. Macchiarulo, A.C., I.C.), Rome; and Institute of Experimental Neurology (R.F., G. Martino), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. jacopo.perugini@studenti.unimi.it.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore the inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of psychiatric symptoms and the prognostic value of psychiatric comorbidities in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Four hundred five patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS underwent psychiatric evaluation by means of Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y). The inflammatory activity level was assessed by MRI. In a subset of 111 treatment-naive patients, CSF levels of proinflammatory cytokines were determined. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine associations between variables. RESULTS: Relapsing patients demonstrated greater values of STAI-state and BDI-II compared with remitting patients but comparable trait-anxiety scores. There were no significant differences in psychometric parameters between relapsing and asymptomatic MRI-active patients, highlighting the effect of subclinical inflammation on mood disturbances. A significant reduction of STAI-state and BDI-II scores was recorded, along with the subsiding of neuroinflammation. Interleukin-2 CSF levels were found to correlate with STAI-state, while tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β correlated with BDI-II. Because emotional disorders were associated with subclinical inflammation, variations of the psychometric profile were able to detect subclinical reactivation earlier. In line with this, high STAI-state values considerably predicted the possibility of disease reactivation. CONCLUSIONS: Mood alterations are induced by intrathecal inflammation, even though not clinically apparent, and are able to predict inflammatory reactivations in RRMS. Inflammation is therefore a biological event, not less important than the traditional psychosocial factors, involved in mood disorders.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of psychiatric symptoms and the prognostic value of psychiatric comorbidities in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Four hundred five patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS underwent psychiatric evaluation by means of Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y). The inflammatory activity level was assessed by MRI. In a subset of 111 treatment-naive patients, CSF levels of proinflammatory cytokines were determined. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine associations between variables. RESULTS: Relapsing patients demonstrated greater values of STAI-state and BDI-II compared with remitting patients but comparable trait-anxiety scores. There were no significant differences in psychometric parameters between relapsing and asymptomatic MRI-active patients, highlighting the effect of subclinical inflammation on mood disturbances. A significant reduction of STAI-state and BDI-II scores was recorded, along with the subsiding of neuroinflammation. Interleukin-2 CSF levels were found to correlate with STAI-state, while tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β correlated with BDI-II. Because emotional disorders were associated with subclinical inflammation, variations of the psychometric profile were able to detect subclinical reactivation earlier. In line with this, high STAI-state values considerably predicted the possibility of disease reactivation. CONCLUSIONS: Mood alterations are induced by intrathecal inflammation, even though not clinically apparent, and are able to predict inflammatory reactivations in RRMS. Inflammation is therefore a biological event, not less important than the traditional psychosocial factors, involved in mood disorders.
Authors: Robert Peter Biney; Charles Kwaku Benneh; Donatus Wewura Adongo; Elvis Ofori Ameyaw; Eric Woode Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl) Date: 2021-04-10 Impact factor: 4.530
Authors: Yujie Wang; Fan Tian; Kathryn C Fitzgerald; Jagriti Jackie Bhattarai; Robert T Naismith; Megan Hyland; Peter A Calabresi; Ellen M Mowry Journal: Mult Scler Relat Disord Date: 2020-02-14 Impact factor: 4.339
Authors: Pece Kocovski; Nuzhat Tabassum-Sheikh; Stephanie Marinis; Phuc T Dang; Matthew W Hale; Jacqueline M Orian Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2021-06-10 Impact factor: 7.561