Neuroleptic malignant syndrome as a possible postoperative complication: a case report.

Neuroleptic therapy for postoperative agitation in a mentally retarded schizophrenic patient is described. Clinical features consistent with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) developed. NMS is a dangerous, drug-induced complication of neuroleptic administrations that can be a differential diagnostic problem. Already often misdiagnosed, this syndrome is especially likely to be unrecognized in nonpsychiatric settings, and may occur postoperatively. Failure to recognize NMS may lead to reexposures to the offending agent, with potentially grave consequences.