Jun Li1, Hongyan Li2, Igor Makunin1,3, Bryony A Thompson2,4, Kayoko Tao2, Erin L Young2, Jacqueline Lopez2, Nicola J Camp2, Sean V Tavtigian2, Esther M John5,6, Irene L Andrulis7,8, Kum Kum Khanna1, David Goldgar2,9, Georgia Chenevix-Trench10. 1. QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia. 2. Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA. 3. Research Computing Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. 4. Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia. 5. Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA. 6. Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. 7. Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. 8. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. 9. Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA. 10. QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia. georgiaT@qimr.edu.au.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The main aim of this study was to screen epigenetic modifier genes and known breast cancer driver genes for germline mutations in non-BRCA1/2 (BRCAx) breast cancer families in order to identify novel susceptibility genes of moderate-high penetrance. METHODS: We screened 264 candidate susceptibility genes in 656 index cases from non-BRCA1/2 families. Potentially pathogenic candidate mutations were then genotyped in all available family members for the assessment of co-segregation of the variant with disease in the family in order to estimate the breast cancer risks associated with these mutations. For 11 of the candidate susceptibility genes, we screened an additional 800 non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer cases and 787 controls. RESULTS: Only two genes, CHD8 and USH2A showed any evidence of an increased risk of breast cancer (RR = 2.40 (95% CI 1.0-7.32) and 2.48 (95% CI 1.11-6.67), respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We found no convincing evidence that epigenetic modifier and known breast cancer driver genes carry germline mutations that increase breast cancer risk. USH2A is no longer regarded as a breast cancer driver gene and seems an implausible candidate given its association with Usher syndrome. However, somatic mutations in CHD8 have been recently reported, making it an even more promising candidate, but further analysis of CHD8 in very large cohorts of families or case-control studies would be required to determine if it is a moderate-risk breast cancer susceptibility gene.
PURPOSE: The main aim of this study was to screen epigenetic modifier genes and known breast cancer driver genes for germline mutations in non-BRCA1/2 (BRCAx) breast cancer families in order to identify novel susceptibility genes of moderate-high penetrance. METHODS: We screened 264 candidate susceptibility genes in 656 index cases from non-BRCA1/2 families. Potentially pathogenic candidate mutations were then genotyped in all available family members for the assessment of co-segregation of the variant with disease in the family in order to estimate the breast cancer risks associated with these mutations. For 11 of the candidate susceptibility genes, we screened an additional 800 non-BRCA1/2breast cancer cases and 787 controls. RESULTS: Only two genes, CHD8 and USH2A showed any evidence of an increased risk of breast cancer (RR = 2.40 (95% CI 1.0-7.32) and 2.48 (95% CI 1.11-6.67), respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We found no convincing evidence that epigenetic modifier and known breast cancer driver genes carry germline mutations that increase breast cancer risk. USH2A is no longer regarded as a breast cancer driver gene and seems an implausible candidate given its association with Usher syndrome. However, somatic mutations in CHD8 have been recently reported, making it an even more promising candidate, but further analysis of CHD8 in very large cohorts of families or case-control studies would be required to determine if it is a moderate-risk breast cancer susceptibility gene.
Entities:
Keywords:
Breast cancer; Chromatin modification genes; Mutation; Segregation; Susceptibility gene
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