Seong Mi Moon1, Dae Geun Lee1, Na Young Hwang2, Soohyun Ahn2, Hyun Lee1, Byeong-Ho Jeong1, Yong Soo Choi3, Young Mog Shim3, Tae Jeong Kim4, Kyung Soo Lee4, Hojoong Kim1, O Jung Kwon1, Kyung Jong Lee5. 1. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. 2. Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. 3. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. 4. Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. 5. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: kj2011.lee@samsung.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The relationship between transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB) and pleural recurrence of cancer after curative lung resection remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether TTNB increases the ipsilateral pleural recurrence (IPR) rate and identify other potential risk factors for pleural recurrence after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 392 patients with p-stage I non-small cell lung cancer with solid or part-solid nodules after curative lung resection in 2009-2010. Imbalances among the characteristics were adjusted using an inverse probability-weighted method based on propensity scoring. Multivariate Cox's regression analysis and the Kaplan-Meier method were used to determine independent risk factors for IPR. RESULTS: A total of 243 (62%) patients received TTNB, while 149 (38%) underwent an alternate, or no, diagnostic technique. IPR was significantly more frequent in the TTNB group (p=0.004), while total recurrence was similar between the groups (p=0.098). After applying the weighted model, diagnostic TTNB (hazard ratio [HR], 5.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-18.69; p=0.010), microscopic visceral pleural invasion (HR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.08-7.01; p=0.033) and microscopic lymphatic invasion (HR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.30-8.10; p=0.012) were associated with an increased frequency of IPR. Among patients who received TTNB, microscopic lymphatic invasion was a risk factor for IPR (HR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.10-6.79; p=0.030). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic TTNB procedure is associated with pleural recurrence but may be unrelated to overall recurrence-free survival in early lung cancer. Moreover, microscopic lymphatic invasion could be a risk factor for pleural recurrence. TTNB should be carefully considered before lung resection and close follow-up to detect if pleural recurrence is needed.
OBJECTIVES: The relationship between transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB) and pleural recurrence of cancer after curative lung resection remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether TTNB increases the ipsilateral pleural recurrence (IPR) rate and identify other potential risk factors for pleural recurrence after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 392 patients with p-stage I non-small cell lung cancer with solid or part-solid nodules after curative lung resection in 2009-2010. Imbalances among the characteristics were adjusted using an inverse probability-weighted method based on propensity scoring. Multivariate Cox's regression analysis and the Kaplan-Meier method were used to determine independent risk factors for IPR. RESULTS: A total of 243 (62%) patients received TTNB, while 149 (38%) underwent an alternate, or no, diagnostic technique. IPR was significantly more frequent in the TTNB group (p=0.004), while total recurrence was similar between the groups (p=0.098). After applying the weighted model, diagnostic TTNB (hazard ratio [HR], 5.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-18.69; p=0.010), microscopic visceral pleural invasion (HR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.08-7.01; p=0.033) and microscopic lymphatic invasion (HR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.30-8.10; p=0.012) were associated with an increased frequency of IPR. Among patients who received TTNB, microscopic lymphatic invasion was a risk factor for IPR (HR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.10-6.79; p=0.030). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic TTNB procedure is associated with pleural recurrence but may be unrelated to overall recurrence-free survival in early lung cancer. Moreover, microscopic lymphatic invasion could be a risk factor for pleural recurrence. TTNB should be carefully considered before lung resection and close follow-up to detect if pleural recurrence is needed.