Brian D Doll1, Nicholas A Kirsch2, Xuefeng Bao3, Brad E Dicianno4, Nitin Sharma3,5. 1. Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. 2. Iam Robotics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. 3. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, 636 Benedum Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA. 4. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. 5. Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Optimal frequency modulation during functional electrical stimulation (FES) may minimize or delay the onset of FES-induced muscle fatigue. METHODS: An offline dynamic optimization method, constrained to a modified Hill-Huxley model, was used to determine the minimum number of pulses that would maintain a constant desired isometric contraction force. RESULTS: Six able-bodied participants were recruited for the experiments, and their quadriceps muscles were stimulated while they sat on a leg extension machine. The force-time (F-T) integrals and peak forces after the pulse train was delivered were found to be statistically significantly greater than the force-time integrals and peak forces obtained after a constant frequency train was delivered. DISCUSSION: Experimental results indicated that the optimized pulse trains induced lower levels of muscle fatigue compared with constant frequency pulse trains. This could have a potential advantage over current FES methods that often choose a constant frequency stimulation train. Muscle Nerve 57: 634-641, 2018.
INTRODUCTION: Optimal frequency modulation during functional electrical stimulation (FES) may minimize or delay the onset of FES-induced muscle fatigue. METHODS: An offline dynamic optimization method, constrained to a modified Hill-Huxley model, was used to determine the minimum number of pulses that would maintain a constant desired isometric contraction force. RESULTS: Six able-bodied participants were recruited for the experiments, and their quadriceps muscles were stimulated while they sat on a leg extension machine. The force-time (F-T) integrals and peak forces after the pulse train was delivered were found to be statistically significantly greater than the force-time integrals and peak forces obtained after a constant frequency train was delivered. DISCUSSION: Experimental results indicated that the optimized pulse trains induced lower levels of muscle fatigue compared with constant frequency pulse trains. This could have a potential advantage over current FES methods that often choose a constant frequency stimulation train. Muscle Nerve 57: 634-641, 2018.
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