Dominique Endres1, Simon Maier2, Bernd Feige3, Nora Bel Mokhtar4, Kathrin Nickel5, Peter Goll6, Simon A Meyer7, Swantje Matthies8, Dieter Ebert9, Alexandra Philipsen10, Evgeniy Perlov11, Ludger Tebartz van Elst12. 1. Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: dominique.endres@uniklinik-freiburg.de. 2. Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: simon.maier@uniklinik-freiburg.de. 3. Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: bernd.feige@uniklinik-freiburg.de. 4. Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. 5. Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: kathrin.nickel@uniklinik-freiburg.de. 6. Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: peter.goll@uniklinik-freiburg.de. 7. Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: simon.meyer@uniklinik-freiburg.de. 8. Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: swantje.matthies@uniklinik-freiburg.de. 9. Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: dieter.ebert@uniklinik-freiburg.de. 10. Medical Campus University of Oldenburg, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy - University Hospital, Karl-Jaspers-Klinik, Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 7, 26160 Bad Zwischenahn, Germany. Electronic address: Alexandra.Philipsen@karl-jaspers-klinik.de. 11. Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Clinic for Psychiatry Luzern, Schafmattstrasse 1, 4915 St. Urban, Switzerland. Electronic address: evgeniy.perlov@uniklinik-freiburg.de. 12. Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: tebartzvanelst@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. In subgroups of patients with a (para)epileptic pathomechanism, this might be due to intermittent rhythmic delta or theta activity (IRDA/IRTA). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Using a fully data-driven analysis, we compared the IRDA/IRTA rates in the resting electroencephalography (EEG) results of 97 adult patients with ADHD and 30 control subjects. The IRDA/IRTA rates before hyperventilation (HV) and for HV difference (difference between IRDA/IRTA rate after and before HV) were compared between groups using a linear model. RESULTS: We detected significantly increased rates of IRDA/IRTA before HV (F=4.209, p=0.042) in patients with ADHD but no significant difference between the groups for HV-difference (F=2.46, p=0.119). DISCUSSION: The increased IRDA/IRTA rates before HV in the group with ADHD might lead to (para)epileptic short-term effects (e.g., impulsivity) via local area network inhibition, and to long-term effects (e.g., cognitive deficits) via connectivistic brain restructuring.
INTRODUCTION: Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. In subgroups of patients with a (para)epileptic pathomechanism, this might be due to intermittent rhythmic delta or theta activity (IRDA/IRTA). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Using a fully data-driven analysis, we compared the IRDA/IRTA rates in the resting electroencephalography (EEG) results of 97 adult patients with ADHD and 30 control subjects. The IRDA/IRTA rates before hyperventilation (HV) and for HV difference (difference between IRDA/IRTA rate after and before HV) were compared between groups using a linear model. RESULTS: We detected significantly increased rates of IRDA/IRTA before HV (F=4.209, p=0.042) in patients with ADHD but no significant difference between the groups for HV-difference (F=2.46, p=0.119). DISCUSSION: The increased IRDA/IRTA rates before HV in the group with ADHD might lead to (para)epileptic short-term effects (e.g., impulsivity) via local area network inhibition, and to long-term effects (e.g., cognitive deficits) via connectivistic brain restructuring.