Line K Gjærde1,2, Michael Gamborg2,3, Lars Ängquist2, Thomas C Truelsen4, Thorkild I A Sørensen1,2,5, Jennifer L Baker1,2. 1. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 2. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. 3. Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen S, Denmark. 4. Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. 5. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Abstract
Importance: The incidence of ischemic stroke among young adults is rising and is potentially due to an increase in stroke risk factors occurring at younger ages, such as obesity. Objectives: To investigate whether childhood body mass index (BMI) and change in BMI are associated with adult ischemic stroke and to assess whether the associations are age dependent or influenced by birth weight. Design, Setting, and Participants: This investigation was a population-based cohort study of schoolchildren born from 1930 to 1987, with follow-up through national health registers from 1977 to 2012 in Denmark. Participants were 307 677 individuals (8899 ischemic stroke cases) with measured weight and height at ages 7 to 13 years. The dates of the analysis were September 1, 2015, to May 27, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures: Childhood BMI, change in BMI, and birth weight. Ischemic stroke events were divided into early (≤55 years) or late (>55 years) age at diagnosis. Results: The study cohort comprised 307 677 participants (approximately 49% female and 51% male). During the study period, 3529 women and 5370 men experienced an ischemic stroke. At all ages from 7 to 13 years, an above-average BMI z score was positively associated with early ischemic stroke. At age 13 years, a BMI z score of 1 was associated with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.11-1.43) in women and 1.21 (95% CI, 1.10-1.33) in men. No significant associations were found for below-average BMI z scores. Among children with above-average BMI z scores at age 7 years, a score increase of 0.5 from ages 7 to 13 years was positively associated with early ischemic stroke in women (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.20) and in men (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.00-1.16). Similarly, among children with below-average BMI z scores at age 7 years, a score increase of 0.5 from ages 7 to 13 years was positively associated with early ischemic stroke in women (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06-1.23) and in men (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.18). Adjusting for birth weight minimally affected the associations. Conclusions and Relevance: Independent of birth weight, above-average childhood BMI and increases in BMI during childhood are positively associated with early adult ischemic stroke. To avoid the occurrence of early ischemic stroke associated with childhood overweight and obesity, these results suggest that all children should be helped to attain and maintain healthy weights.
Importance: The incidence of ischemic stroke among young adults is rising and is potentially due to an increase in stroke risk factors occurring at younger ages, such as obesity. Objectives: To investigate whether childhood body mass index (BMI) and change in BMI are associated with adult ischemic stroke and to assess whether the associations are age dependent or influenced by birth weight. Design, Setting, and Participants: This investigation was a population-based cohort study of schoolchildren born from 1930 to 1987, with follow-up through national health registers from 1977 to 2012 in Denmark. Participants were 307 677 individuals (8899 ischemic stroke cases) with measured weight and height at ages 7 to 13 years. The dates of the analysis were September 1, 2015, to May 27, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures: Childhood BMI, change in BMI, and birth weight. Ischemic stroke events were divided into early (≤55 years) or late (>55 years) age at diagnosis. Results: The study cohort comprised 307 677 participants (approximately 49% female and 51% male). During the study period, 3529 women and 5370 men experienced an ischemic stroke. At all ages from 7 to 13 years, an above-average BMI z score was positively associated with early ischemic stroke. At age 13 years, a BMI z score of 1 was associated with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.11-1.43) in women and 1.21 (95% CI, 1.10-1.33) in men. No significant associations were found for below-average BMI z scores. Among children with above-average BMI z scores at age 7 years, a score increase of 0.5 from ages 7 to 13 years was positively associated with early ischemic stroke in women (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.20) and in men (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.00-1.16). Similarly, among children with below-average BMI z scores at age 7 years, a score increase of 0.5 from ages 7 to 13 years was positively associated with early ischemic stroke in women (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06-1.23) and in men (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.18). Adjusting for birth weight minimally affected the associations. Conclusions and Relevance: Independent of birth weight, above-average childhood BMI and increases in BMI during childhood are positively associated with early adult ischemic stroke. To avoid the occurrence of early ischemic stroke associated with childhood overweight and obesity, these results suggest that all children should be helped to attain and maintain healthy weights.
Authors: Jennifer L Baker; Lina W Olsen; Ingelise Andersen; Seija Pearson; Bente Hansen; Thorkild Ia Sørensen Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2008-08-21 Impact factor: 7.196
Authors: Debbie A Lawlor; Georgina Ronalds; Heather Clark; George Davey Smith; David A Leon Journal: Circulation Date: 2005-08-29 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Christopher J L Murray; Ryan M Barber; Kyle J Foreman; Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren; Foad Abd-Allah; Semaw F Abera; Victor Aboyans; Jerry P Abraham; Ibrahim Abubakar; Laith J Abu-Raddad; Niveen M Abu-Rmeileh; Tom Achoki; Ilana N Ackerman; Zanfina Ademi; Arsène K Adou; José C Adsuar; Ashkan Afshin; Emilie E Agardh; Sayed Saidul Alam; Deena Alasfoor; Mohammed I Albittar; Miguel A Alegretti; Zewdie A Alemu; Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho; Samia Alhabib; Raghib Ali; François Alla; Peter Allebeck; Mohammad A Almazroa; Ubai Alsharif; Elena Alvarez; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Azmeraw T Amare; Emmanuel A Ameh; Heresh Amini; Walid Ammar; H Ross Anderson; Benjamin O Anderson; Carl Abelardo T Antonio; Palwasha Anwari; Johan Arnlöv; Valentina S Arsic Arsenijevic; Al Artaman; Rana J Asghar; Reza Assadi; Lydia S Atkins; Marco A Avila; Baffour Awuah; Victoria F Bachman; Alaa Badawi; Maria C Bahit; Kalpana Balakrishnan; Amitava Banerjee; Suzanne L Barker-Collo; Simon Barquera; Lars Barregard; Lope H Barrero; Arindam Basu; Sanjay Basu; Mohammed O Basulaiman; Justin Beardsley; Neeraj Bedi; Ettore Beghi; Tolesa Bekele; Michelle L Bell; Corina Benjet; Derrick A Bennett; Isabela M Bensenor; Habib Benzian; Eduardo Bernabé; Amelia Bertozzi-Villa; Tariku J Beyene; Neeraj Bhala; Ashish Bhalla; Zulfiqar A Bhutta; Kelly Bienhoff; Boris Bikbov; Stan Biryukov; Jed D Blore; Christopher D Blosser; Fiona M Blyth; Megan A Bohensky; Ian W Bolliger; Berrak Bora Başara; Natan M Bornstein; Dipan Bose; Soufiane Boufous; Rupert R A Bourne; Lindsay N Boyers; Michael Brainin; Carol E Brayne; Alexandra Brazinova; Nicholas J K Breitborde; Hermann Brenner; Adam D Briggs; Peter M Brooks; Jonathan C Brown; Traolach S Brugha; Rachelle Buchbinder; Geoffrey C Buckle; Christine M Budke; Anne Bulchis; Andrew G Bulloch; Ismael R Campos-Nonato; Hélène Carabin; Jonathan R Carapetis; Rosario Cárdenas; David O Carpenter; Valeria Caso; Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela; Ruben E Castro; Ferrán Catalá-López; Fiorella Cavalleri; Alanur Çavlin; Vineet K Chadha; Jung-Chen Chang; Fiona J Charlson; Honglei Chen; Wanqing Chen; Peggy P Chiang; Odgerel Chimed-Ochir; Rajiv Chowdhury; Hanne Christensen; Costas A Christophi; Massimo Cirillo; Matthew M Coates; Luc E Coffeng; Megan S Coggeshall; Valentina Colistro; Samantha M Colquhoun; Graham S Cooke; Cyrus Cooper; Leslie T Cooper; Luis M Coppola; Monica Cortinovis; Michael H Criqui; John A Crump; Lucia Cuevas-Nasu; Hadi Danawi; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Emily Dansereau; Paul I Dargan; Gail Davey; Adrian Davis; Dragos V Davitoiu; Anand Dayama; Diego De Leo; Louisa Degenhardt; Borja Del Pozo-Cruz; Robert P Dellavalle; Kebede Deribe; Sarah Derrett; Don C Des Jarlais; Muluken Dessalegn; Samath D Dharmaratne; Mukesh K Dherani; Cesar Diaz-Torné; Daniel Dicker; Eric L Ding; Klara Dokova; E Ray Dorsey; Tim R Driscoll; Leilei Duan; Herbert C Duber; Beth E Ebel; Karen M Edmond; Yousef M Elshrek; Matthias Endres; Sergey P Ermakov; Holly E Erskine; Babak Eshrati; Alireza Esteghamati; Kara Estep; Emerito Jose A Faraon; Farshad Farzadfar; Derek F Fay; Valery L Feigin; David T Felson; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Jefferson G Fernandes; Alize J Ferrari; Christina Fitzmaurice; Abraham D Flaxman; Thomas D Fleming; Nataliya Foigt; Mohammad H Forouzanfar; F Gerry R Fowkes; Urbano Fra Paleo; Richard C Franklin; Thomas Fürst; Belinda Gabbe; Lynne Gaffikin; Fortuné G Gankpé; Johanna M Geleijnse; Bradford D Gessner; Peter Gething; Katherine B Gibney; Maurice Giroud; Giorgia Giussani; Hector Gomez Dantes; Philimon Gona; Diego González-Medina; Richard A Gosselin; Carolyn C Gotay; Atsushi Goto; Hebe N Gouda; Nicholas Graetz; Harish C Gugnani; Rahul Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Reyna A Gutiérrez; Juanita Haagsma; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Holly Hagan; Yara A Halasa; Randah R Hamadeh; Hannah Hamavid; Mouhanad Hammami; Jamie Hancock; Graeme J Hankey; Gillian M Hansen; Yuantao Hao; Hilda L Harb; Josep Maria Haro; Rasmus Havmoeller; Simon I Hay; Roderick J Hay; Ileana B Heredia-Pi; Kyle R Heuton; Pouria Heydarpour; Hideki Higashi; Martha Hijar; Hans W Hoek; Howard J Hoffman; H Dean Hosgood; Mazeda Hossain; Peter J Hotez; Damian G Hoy; Mohamed Hsairi; Guoqing Hu; Cheng Huang; John J Huang; Abdullatif Husseini; Chantal Huynh; Marissa L Iannarone; Kim M Iburg; Kaire Innos; Manami Inoue; Farhad Islami; Kathryn H Jacobsen; Deborah L Jarvis; Simerjot K Jassal; Sun Ha Jee; Panniyammakal Jeemon; Paul N Jensen; Vivekanand Jha; Guohong Jiang; Ying Jiang; Jost B Jonas; Knud Juel; Haidong Kan; André Karch; Corine K Karema; Chante Karimkhani; Ganesan Karthikeyan; Nicholas J Kassebaum; Anil Kaul; Norito Kawakami; Konstantin Kazanjan; Andrew H Kemp; Andre P Kengne; Andre Keren; Yousef S Khader; Shams Eldin A Khalifa; Ejaz A Khan; Gulfaraz Khan; Young-Ho Khang; Christian Kieling; Daniel Kim; Sungroul Kim; Yunjin Kim; Yohannes Kinfu; Jonas M Kinge; Miia Kivipelto; Luke D Knibbs; Ann Kristin Knudsen; Yoshihiro Kokubo; Soewarta Kosen; Sanjay Krishnaswami; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; Burcu Kucuk Bicer; Ernst J Kuipers; Chanda Kulkarni; Veena S Kulkarni; G Anil Kumar; Hmwe H Kyu; Taavi Lai; Ratilal Lalloo; Tea Lallukka; Hilton Lam; Qing Lan; Van C Lansingh; Anders Larsson; Alicia E B Lawrynowicz; Janet L Leasher; James Leigh; Ricky Leung; Carly E Levitz; Bin Li; Yichong Li; Yongmei Li; Stephen S Lim; Maggie Lind; Steven E Lipshultz; Shiwei Liu; Yang Liu; Belinda K Lloyd; Katherine T Lofgren; Giancarlo Logroscino; Katharine J Looker; Joannie Lortet-Tieulent; Paulo A Lotufo; Rafael Lozano; Robyn M Lucas; Raimundas Lunevicius; Ronan A Lyons; Stefan Ma; Michael F Macintyre; Mark T Mackay; Marek Majdan; Reza Malekzadeh; Wagner Marcenes; David J Margolis; Christopher Margono; Melvin B Marzan; Joseph R Masci; Mohammad T Mashal; Richard Matzopoulos; Bongani M Mayosi; Tasara T Mazorodze; Neil W Mcgill; John J Mcgrath; Martin Mckee; Abigail Mclain; Peter A Meaney; Catalina Medina; Man Mohan Mehndiratta; Wubegzier Mekonnen; Yohannes A Melaku; Michele Meltzer; Ziad A Memish; George A Mensah; Atte Meretoja; Francis A Mhimbira; Renata Micha; Ted R Miller; Edward J Mills; Philip B Mitchell; Charles N Mock; Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim; Karzan A Mohammad; Ali H Mokdad; Glen L D Mola; Lorenzo Monasta; Julio C Montañez Hernandez; Marcella Montico; Thomas J Montine; Meghan D Mooney; Ami R Moore; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Andrew E Moran; Rintaro Mori; Joanna Moschandreas; Wilkister N Moturi; Madeline L Moyer; Dariush Mozaffarian; William T Msemburi; Ulrich O Mueller; Mitsuru Mukaigawara; Erin C Mullany; Michele E Murdoch; Joseph Murray; Kinnari S Murthy; Mohsen Naghavi; Aliya Naheed; Kovin S Naidoo; Luigi Naldi; Devina Nand; Vinay Nangia; K M Venkat Narayan; Chakib Nejjari; Sudan P Neupane; Charles R Newton; Marie Ng; Frida N Ngalesoni; Grant Nguyen; Muhammad I Nisar; Sandra Nolte; Ole F Norheim; Rosana E Norman; Bo Norrving; Luke Nyakarahuka; In-Hwan Oh; Takayoshi Ohkubo; Summer L Ohno; Bolajoko O Olusanya; John Nelson Opio; Katrina Ortblad; Alberto Ortiz; Amanda W Pain; Jeyaraj D Pandian; Carlo Irwin A Panelo; Christina Papachristou; Eun-Kee Park; Jae-Hyun Park; Scott B Patten; George C Patton; Vinod K Paul; Boris I Pavlin; Neil Pearce; David M Pereira; Rogelio Perez-Padilla; Fernando Perez-Ruiz; Norberto Perico; Aslam Pervaiz; Konrad Pesudovs; Carrie B Peterson; Max Petzold; Michael R Phillips; Bryan K Phillips; David E Phillips; Frédéric B Piel; Dietrich Plass; Dan Poenaru; Suzanne Polinder; Daniel Pope; Svetlana Popova; Richie G Poulton; Farshad Pourmalek; Dorairaj Prabhakaran; Noela M Prasad; Rachel L Pullan; Dima M Qato; D Alex Quistberg; Anwar Rafay; Kazem Rahimi; Sajjad U Rahman; Murugesan Raju; Saleem M Rana; Homie Razavi; K Srinath Reddy; Amany Refaat; Giuseppe Remuzzi; Serge Resnikoff; Antonio L Ribeiro; Lee Richardson; Jan Hendrik Richardus; D Allen Roberts; David Rojas-Rueda; Luca Ronfani; Gregory A Roth; Dietrich Rothenbacher; David H Rothstein; Jane T Rowley; Nobhojit Roy; George M Ruhago; Mohammad Y Saeedi; Sukanta Saha; Mohammad Ali Sahraian; Uchechukwu K A Sampson; Juan R Sanabria; Logan Sandar; Itamar S Santos; Maheswar Satpathy; Monika Sawhney; Peter Scarborough; Ione J Schneider; Ben Schöttker; Austin E Schumacher; David C Schwebel; James G Scott; Soraya Seedat; Sadaf G Sepanlou; Peter T Serina; Edson E Servan-Mori; Katya A Shackelford; Amira Shaheen; Saeid Shahraz; Teresa Shamah Levy; Siyi Shangguan; Jun She; Sara Sheikhbahaei; Peilin Shi; Kenji Shibuya; Yukito Shinohara; Rahman Shiri; Kawkab Shishani; Ivy Shiue; Mark G Shrime; Inga D Sigfusdottir; Donald H Silberberg; Edgar P Simard; Shireen Sindi; Abhishek Singh; Jasvinder A Singh; Lavanya Singh; Vegard Skirbekk; Erica Leigh Slepak; Karen Sliwa; Samir Soneji; Kjetil Søreide; Sergey Soshnikov; Luciano A Sposato; Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy; Jeffrey D Stanaway; Vasiliki Stathopoulou; Dan J Stein; Murray B Stein; Caitlyn Steiner; Timothy J Steiner; Antony Stevens; Andrea Stewart; Lars J Stovner; Konstantinos Stroumpoulis; Bruno F Sunguya; Soumya Swaminathan; Mamta Swaroop; Bryan L Sykes; Karen M Tabb; Ken Takahashi; Nikhil Tandon; David Tanne; Marcel Tanner; Mohammad Tavakkoli; Hugh R Taylor; Braden J Te Ao; Fabrizio Tediosi; Awoke M Temesgen; Tara Templin; Margreet Ten Have; Eric Y Tenkorang; Abdullah S Terkawi; Blake Thomson; Andrew L Thorne-Lyman; Amanda G Thrift; George D Thurston; Taavi Tillmann; Marcello Tonelli; Fotis Topouzis; Hideaki Toyoshima; Jefferson Traebert; Bach X Tran; Matias Trillini; Thomas Truelsen; Miltiadis Tsilimbaris; Emin M Tuzcu; Uche S Uchendu; Kingsley N Ukwaja; Eduardo A Undurraga; Selen B Uzun; Wim H Van Brakel; Steven Van De Vijver; Coen H van Gool; Jim Van Os; Tommi J Vasankari; N Venketasubramanian; Francesco S Violante; Vasiliy V Vlassov; Stein Emil Vollset; Gregory R Wagner; Joseph Wagner; Stephen G Waller; Xia Wan; Haidong Wang; Jianli Wang; Linhong Wang; Tati S Warouw; Scott Weichenthal; Elisabete Weiderpass; Robert G Weintraub; Wang Wenzhi; Andrea Werdecker; Ronny Westerman; Harvey A Whiteford; James D Wilkinson; Thomas N Williams; Charles D Wolfe; Timothy M Wolock; Anthony D Woolf; Sarah Wulf; Brittany Wurtz; Gelin Xu; Lijing L Yan; Yuichiro Yano; Pengpeng Ye; Gökalp K Yentür; Paul Yip; Naohiro Yonemoto; Seok-Jun Yoon; Mustafa Z Younis; Chuanhua Yu; Maysaa E Zaki; Yong Zhao; Yingfeng Zheng; David Zonies; Xiaonong Zou; Joshua A Salomon; Alan D Lopez; Theo Vos Journal: Lancet Date: 2015-08-28 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Astrid-Helene Ravn Jørgensen; Julie Aarestrup; Jennifer L Baker; Simon Francis Thomsen Journal: JAMA Dermatol Date: 2020-07-01 Impact factor: 10.282
Authors: Izzuddin M Aris; Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman; Xun Zhang; Seungmi Yang; Karen Switkowski; Abby F Fleisch; Marie-France Hivert; Richard M Martin; Michael S Kramer; Emily Oken Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) Date: 2019-09-03 Impact factor: 5.002
Authors: Jens Sundbøll; Lars Ängquist; Kasper Adelborg; Line Klingen Gjærde; Anne Ording; Thorkild I A Sørensen; Jennifer L Baker; Henrik Toft Sørensen Journal: J Am Heart Assoc Date: 2019-03-19 Impact factor: 5.501
Authors: Joseph M Braun; Melissa Eliot; George D Papandonatos; Jessie P Buckley; Kim M Cecil; Heidi J Kalkwarf; Aimin Chen; Charles B Eaton; Karl Kelsey; Bruce P Lanphear; Kimberly Yolton Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2020-11-18 Impact factor: 5.095