Recent update on biological activities and pharmacological actions of liraglutide.



Dear Editor,

Liraglutide (LG), an analog of human glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), has been permitted for type 2 diabetes therapy. LG triggers the GLP-1 receptor, leading to release of insulin in the presence of high glucose concentrations, it declines secretion of glucagon in a glucose-dependent manner and directly applying to the β cells of pancreas to help its proliferation and differentiation (Dharmalingam et al., 2011[11]; Drucker et al., 2010[12]). The mechanism of lowering blood glucose also includes a delay in gastric emptying. LG is approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) on July 3, 2009, and by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on January 25, 2010, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (Ye et al., 2017[48]). A number of studies suggest that LG, GLP-1 has additional benefits (Zhang et al., 2017[49]). Here we have reviewed various pharmacological actions of LG (Table 1(Tab. 1)). (References in Table 1: Li et al., 2017[32]; Qi et al., 2017[43]; Feng et al., 2017[13]; Garg et al., 2017[14]; King et al., 2017[26]; Hu et al., 2017[16]; Badawi et al., 2017[4]; le Roux et al., 2017[30]; Mezquita-Raya et al., 2017[39]; Martinez et al., 2017[37]; Anholm et al., 2017[2]; Kumarathurai et al., 2017[27]; Hunt et al., 2017[18]; Iacobellis et al., 2017[20]; von Scholten et al., 2017[45]; Manigault and Thurston, 2016[35]; Palleria et al., 2017[40]; Ishii et al., 2017[21]; Bisgaard et al., 2016[5]; Abdelsameea et al., 2017[1]; Jennings et al., 2016[22]; Chen et al., 2016[9]; Dejgaard et al., 2017[10]; Bouchi et al., 2017[6]; Li et al., 2016[33]; Hvistendahl et al., 2016[19]; Bouchi et al., 2017[6]; Arturi et al., 2016[3]; Kumarathurai et al., 2017[28]; Ke et al., 2016[25]; Zhou et al., 2016[50]; Zobel et al., 2017[51]; Calvo Gomez et al., 2016[7]; Petit et al., 2017[41]; Kaur et al., 2016[24]; Mansur et al., 2017[36]; Wang et al., 2016[46]; Hu et al., 2016[17]; Lee et al., 2016[31]; Pra et al., 2016[42]; Langlois et al., 2016[29]; Mathieu et al., 2016[38]; Wang et al., 2016[47]; Saponaro et al., 2016[44]; Li et al., 2016[34]; Htike et al., 2016[15]; Kato et al., 2016[23]; Chai et al., 2016[8].)

Table 1

Recent update on biological activities and pharmacological actions of liraglutide