Jamie Fitzgerald1,2,3, Paul Holden1, Hollis Wright4, Beth Wilmot5,6, Abigail Hata3,7, Robert D Steiner3, Don Basel8. 1. Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon. 2. Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, OHSU. 3. Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon. 4. Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, OHSU. 5. Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU. 6. Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, OHSU. 7. Department of Pediatrics, OHSU. 8. Department of Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type V is a dominantly inherited skeletal dysplasia characterized by fractures and progressive deformity of long bones. In addition, patients often present with radial head dislocation, hyperplastic callus, and calcification of the forearm interosseous membrane. Recently, a specific mutation in the IFITM5 gene was found to be responsible for OI type V. This mutation, a C to T transition 14 nucleotides upstream from the endogenous start codon, creates a new start methionine that appears to be preferentially used by the translational machinery. However, the mechanism by which the lengthened protein results in a dominant type of OI is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report 7 ethnically diverse (African-American, Caucasian, Hispanic, and African) individuals with OI type V from 2 families and 2 sporadic cases. Exome sequencing failed to identify a causative mutation. Using Sanger sequencing, we found that all affected individuals in our cohort possess the c.-14 IFITM5 variant, further supporting the notion that OI type V is caused by a single, discrete mutation. Our patient cohort demonstrated inter-and intrafamilial phenotypic variability, including a father with classic OI type V whose daughter had a phenotype similar to OI type I. This clinical variability suggests that modifier genes influence the OI type V phenotype. We also confirm that the mutation creates an aberrant IFITM5 protein containing an additional 5 amino acids at the N-terminus. CONCLUSIONS: The variable clinical signs in these cases illustrate the significant variability of the OI type V phenotype caused by the c.-14 IFITM5 mutation. The affected individuals are more ethnically diverse than previously reported.
BACKGROUND:Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type V is a dominantly inherited skeletal dysplasia characterized by fractures and progressive deformity of long bones. In addition, patients often present with radial head dislocation, hyperplastic callus, and calcification of the forearm interosseous membrane. Recently, a specific mutation in the IFITM5 gene was found to be responsible for OI type V. This mutation, a C to T transition 14 nucleotides upstream from the endogenous start codon, creates a new start methionine that appears to be preferentially used by the translational machinery. However, the mechanism by which the lengthened protein results in a dominant type of OI is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report 7 ethnically diverse (African-American, Caucasian, Hispanic, and African) individuals with OI type V from 2 families and 2 sporadic cases. Exome sequencing failed to identify a causative mutation. Using Sanger sequencing, we found that all affected individuals in our cohort possess the c.-14 IFITM5 variant, further supporting the notion that OI type V is caused by a single, discrete mutation. Our patient cohort demonstrated inter-and intrafamilial phenotypic variability, including a father with classic OI type V whose daughter had a phenotype similar to OI type I. This clinical variability suggests that modifier genes influence the OI type V phenotype. We also confirm that the mutation creates an aberrant IFITM5 protein containing an additional 5 amino acids at the N-terminus. CONCLUSIONS: The variable clinical signs in these cases illustrate the significant variability of the OI type V phenotype caused by the c.-14 IFITM5 mutation. The affected individuals are more ethnically diverse than previously reported.
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