Yuyuan Gao1, Kun Nie2, Biao Huang3, Mingjin Mei2, Manli Guo2, Sifen Xie1, Zhiheng Huang2, Limin Wang2, Jiehao Zhao2, Yuhu Zhang4, Lijuan Wang5. 1. Graduate School of Southern Medical University, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, No.106, Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China. 2. Department of Neurology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, No.106, Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China. 3. Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106, Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China. 4. Department of Neurology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, No.106, Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China. Electronic address: yhzhangsd@126.com. 5. Department of Neurology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, No.106, Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Graduate School of Southern Medical University, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China. Electronic address: wljgd68@163.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To analyze changes in cerebral grey matter volume and white matter density in non-dementia Parkinson's disease patients using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) technology; to investigate features of brain structure changes in Parkinson's disease patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), and reveal their intrinsic pathological changes. METHODS: Based on the diagnostic criteria of PD-MCI, 23 PD-MCI patients, 23 Parkinson's disease patients with normal cognition (PD-NC), and 21 age- and gender-matched healthy people were recruited for the study. Scans were performed on all subjects on a 3.0T MR scanner to obtain brain structural magnetic resonance images. Images were preprocessed using the VBM8 tool from SPM8 software package on the Matlab R2008a platform, and data were then analyzed using the SPM statistical software package to compare the differences of grey matter volume and white matter density between groups, and to evaluate the brain structural changes corresponding to the overall cognitive function. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the PD-NC group suffered from grey matter atrophy, mainly found in the prefrontal lobe, limbic lobe and left temporal gyrus. The PD-MCI group suffered from grey matter atrophy found in the frontal lobe, limbic lobe, basal ganglia and cerebellum. Compared to the PD-NC group, the PD-MCI group suffered from grey matter atrophy found in the left-side middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and frontal lobe. The grey matter regions correlated with MMSE score (mainly memory related) including the right cingulate gyrus and the limbic lobe. The grey matter regions correlated with MoCA score (mainly non-memory related) including the frontal lobe, basal ganglia, parahippocampal gyrus, occipital lobe and the cerebellum. Additionally, overall cognitive function in non-dementia PD was mainly located in the frontal and limbic system, and was dominated by subcortical atrophy. CONCLUSION: Structural changes in PD-MCI patients are associated with overall cognitive function, and the atrophic areas are mainly located in the frontal and limbic system, and are dominated by subcortical atrophy. Moreover, atrophy of limbic lobes is associated with impaired memory, whereas frontal lobe atrophy is associated with executive dysfunction. In addition, the subtle brain structure of the PD early cognitive impairment stage and PD-MCI stage can be detected via VBM technology, and thus, local brain atrophy may be a neuroimaging marker for the early diagnosis of PD-MCI.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze changes in cerebral grey matter volume and white matter density in non-dementia Parkinson's diseasepatients using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) technology; to investigate features of brain structure changes in Parkinson's diseasepatients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), and reveal their intrinsic pathological changes. METHODS: Based on the diagnostic criteria of PD-MCI, 23 PD-MCIpatients, 23 Parkinson's diseasepatients with normal cognition (PD-NC), and 21 age- and gender-matched healthy people were recruited for the study. Scans were performed on all subjects on a 3.0T MR scanner to obtain brain structural magnetic resonance images. Images were preprocessed using the VBM8 tool from SPM8 software package on the Matlab R2008a platform, and data were then analyzed using the SPM statistical software package to compare the differences of grey matter volume and white matter density between groups, and to evaluate the brain structural changes corresponding to the overall cognitive function. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the PD-NC group suffered from grey matter atrophy, mainly found in the prefrontal lobe, limbic lobe and left temporal gyrus. The PD-MCI group suffered from grey matter atrophy found in the frontal lobe, limbic lobe, basal ganglia and cerebellum. Compared to the PD-NC group, the PD-MCI group suffered from grey matter atrophy found in the left-side middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and frontal lobe. The grey matter regions correlated with MMSE score (mainly memory related) including the right cingulate gyrus and the limbic lobe. The grey matter regions correlated with MoCA score (mainly non-memory related) including the frontal lobe, basal ganglia, parahippocampal gyrus, occipital lobe and the cerebellum. Additionally, overall cognitive function in non-dementia PD was mainly located in the frontal and limbic system, and was dominated by subcortical atrophy. CONCLUSION: Structural changes in PD-MCIpatients are associated with overall cognitive function, and the atrophic areas are mainly located in the frontal and limbic system, and are dominated by subcortical atrophy. Moreover, atrophy of limbic lobes is associated with impaired memory, whereas frontal lobe atrophy is associated with executive dysfunction. In addition, the subtle brain structure of the PD early cognitive impairment stage and PD-MCI stage can be detected via VBM technology, and thus, local brain atrophy may be a neuroimaging marker for the early diagnosis of PD-MCI.
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