Alexander Karl-Georg Schuster1, Norbert Pfeiffer2, Andreas Schulz3, René Hoehn2,4, Katharina A Ponto2,5, Philipp S Wild3,5,6, Maria Blettner7, Manfred E Beutel8, Karl J Lackner9, Thomas Münzel10, Alireza Mirshahi2,11. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany. alexander.k.schuster@gmx.de. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany. 3. Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine / Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany. 4. Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. 5. Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany. 6. German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany. 7. Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany. 8. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany. 9. Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany. 10. Center for Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany. 11. Dardenne Eye Hospital, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Worldwide, the most frequent cause of visual impairment is uncorrected refractive error. This analysis focused on the distribution and associations of refractive, corneal and ocular residual astigmatism. METHODS: As part of the Gutenberg Health study, a population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the general population of Germany. A comprehensive ophthalmological examination including refraction, tonometry, and Scheimpflug imaging of the anterior cornea (Pachycam) was performed. In addition to the magnitude and type (with-the-rule, against-the-rule, oblique) of the refractive or corneal astigmatism, we calculated the vector components (J0, J45) of both astigmatisms and calculated the ocular residual astigmatism. We performed multiple quantile regression analysis to evaluate the factors associated with refractive, corneal and ocular residual astigmatisms. RESULTS: A total of 13,558 subjects (49% female) with a mean age of 54.0 years (range 35-74 years) were included in this study. The prevalence of refractive astigmatism (>1.0D) was 13.0% in right eyes and 12.0% in left eyes, and 85% of these subjects wore spectacles. The distribution of refractive astigmatism showed a two-peak distribution with high astigmatism for with-the-rule and against-the-rule astigmatism. The associated factors were corneal curvature, age and sex for the different astigmatisms (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We analyzed the prevalence of different astigmatisms within a European population. We confirmed a shift with aging from with-the-rule to against-the-rule astigmatism to refractive and corneal astigmatism. Astigmatism has a large impact on visual perception; more than 85% of people with astigmatism over one diopter wore glasses for distance vision.
PURPOSE: Worldwide, the most frequent cause of visual impairment is uncorrected refractive error. This analysis focused on the distribution and associations of refractive, corneal and ocular residual astigmatism. METHODS: As part of the Gutenberg Health study, a population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the general population of Germany. A comprehensive ophthalmological examination including refraction, tonometry, and Scheimpflug imaging of the anterior cornea (Pachycam) was performed. In addition to the magnitude and type (with-the-rule, against-the-rule, oblique) of the refractive or corneal astigmatism, we calculated the vector components (J0, J45) of both astigmatisms and calculated the ocular residual astigmatism. We performed multiple quantile regression analysis to evaluate the factors associated with refractive, corneal and ocular residual astigmatisms. RESULTS: A total of 13,558 subjects (49% female) with a mean age of 54.0 years (range 35-74 years) were included in this study. The prevalence of refractive astigmatism (>1.0D) was 13.0% in right eyes and 12.0% in left eyes, and 85% of these subjects wore spectacles. The distribution of refractive astigmatism showed a two-peak distribution with high astigmatism for with-the-rule and against-the-rule astigmatism. The associated factors were corneal curvature, age and sex for the different astigmatisms (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We analyzed the prevalence of different astigmatisms within a European population. We confirmed a shift with aging from with-the-rule to against-the-rule astigmatism to refractive and corneal astigmatism. Astigmatism has a large impact on visual perception; more than 85% of people with astigmatism over one diopter wore glasses for distance vision.
Authors: Hassan Hashemi; Mehdi Khabazkhoob; Abbasali Yekta; Ebrahim Jafarzadehpur; Mohammad H Emamian; Mohammad Shariati; Akbar Fotouhi Journal: Clin Exp Ophthalmol Date: 2011-09-02 Impact factor: 4.207
Authors: Claire L Simpson; Robert Wojciechowski; Konrad Oexle; Federico Murgia; Laura Portas; Xiaohui Li; Virginie J M Verhoeven; Veronique Vitart; Maria Schache; S Mohsen Hosseini; Pirro G Hysi; Leslie J Raffel; Mary Frances Cotch; Emily Chew; Barbara E K Klein; Ronald Klein; Tien Yin Wong; Cornelia M van Duijn; Paul Mitchell; Seang Mei Saw; Maurizio Fossarello; Jie Jin Wang; Ozren Polašek; Harry Campbell; Igor Rudan; Ben A Oostra; André G Uitterlinden; Albert Hofman; Fernando Rivadeneira; Najaf Amin; Lennart C Karssen; Johannes R Vingerling; Angela Döring; Thomas Bettecken; Goran Bencic; Christian Gieger; H-Erich Wichmann; James F Wilson; Cristina Venturini; Brian Fleck; Phillippa M Cumberland; Jugnoo S Rahi; Chris J Hammond; Caroline Hayward; Alan F Wright; Andrew D Paterson; Paul N Baird; Caroline C W Klaver; Jerome I Rotter; Mario Pirastu; Thomas Meitinger; Joan E Bailey-Wilson; Dwight Stambolian Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-09-18 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Alexander Karl-Georg Schuster; Norbert Pfeiffer; Andreas Schulz; René Hoehn; Katharina A Ponto; Philipp S Wild; Maria Blettner; Manfred E Beutel; Karl J Lackner; Thomas Münzel; Alireza Mirshahi Journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Date: 2017-10-30 Impact factor: 3.117
Authors: Samira Heydarian; Sara Sardari; Zahra Heidari; Abbas Ali Yekta; Hadi Ostadimoghaddam; Mehdi Khabazkhoob Journal: J Curr Ophthalmol Date: 2020-12-12