Inpatient versus outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy at home for acute infections in children: a systematic review.

Inpatient management is necessary in many situations, but medical and allied-health treatments are increasingly being used on an outpatient basis to allow patients who would traditionally have been admitted to hospital to remain at home. Home-based clinical management has many potential benefits, including reduced hospital-acquired infections, cost savings, and patient and family satisfaction. Studies in adults provide evidence for the benefits of home-based versus hospital-based intravenous antibiotics, but few studies inform practice in home-based intravenous antibiotic therapy for children. We systematically reviewed the efficacy, safety, satisfaction, and cost of home-based versus hospital-based intravenous antibiotic therapy for acute infections in children. We searched MEDLINE (from Jan 1, 1946, to Jan 31, 2017) and Embase (from Jan 1, 1974, to Jan 31, 2017) for studies investigating home-based and hospital-based intravenous antibiotic therapy and assessed them for quality. 2827 articles were identified and 19 studies were included in the systematic review. Efficacy results differed between studies depending on the outcome assessed. The incidence of complications and readmission to hospital was similar for hospital-based and home-based treatments. In seven (47%) of 15 studies, patients who had all or part of their treatment at home received treatment for longer than patients who were treated entirely in hospital. No studies showed that home-based treatment was less safe than hospital-based treatment. In all studies in which treatment satisfaction or costs were assessed, home-based treatment was satisfactory to patients or patients' families and less expensive per episode than hospital-based treatment by 30-75%. Thus, home-based intravenous antibiotic therapy might be popular and cost-effective, but randomised studies of the efficacy of this strategy are needed. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42015024406).