Purpose: Glaucoma-related molecular biomarkers can improve clinical testing to diagnose the disease early, predict its prognosis, and monitor treatment responses. Based on the evidence of increased oxidative stress in glaucomatous tissues, this study analyzed oxidative stress-related biomarker candidates in blood and aqueous humor samples with or without glaucoma. Methods: The blood and aqueous humor samples collected from carefully selected groups of 96 patients with glaucoma and 64 healthy subjects without glaucoma were included in the study. The samples were analyzed for protein carbonyls and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) through ELISA-based quantification assays. To allow proper comparisons, the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient that reflects the ratio of aqueous humor to blood values corrected to total protein concentration in individual samples was calculated. Results: Blood and aqueous humor levels of protein carbonyls and AGEs were found significantly higher in glaucomatous samples compared with age-matched nonglaucomatous controls (P < 0.001). The glaucoma-related increase in protein carbonyls and AGEs was more prominent in aqueous humor samples than blood samples (2.6-fold versus 1.9-fold for protein carbonyls, and 3.1-fold versus 1.9-fold for AGEs; P < 0.001). Comparison of the Goldmann-Witmer coefficients indicated greater values for protein carbonyls (1.37 ± 0.3 vs. 3.07 ± 0.8) and AGEs (1.2 ± 0.3 vs. 3.2 ± 1.1) in the glaucoma group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Findings of this study encourage further validation studies of oxidative stress-related biomarkers in glaucoma. Analysis of protein carbonyls and AGEs in longitudinal studies of larger and heterogeneous patient cohorts should better assess the value of these promising candidates as molecular biomarkers of glaucoma for clinical predictions.
Purpose: Glaucoma-related molecular biomarkers can improve clinical testing to diagnose the disease early, predict its prognosis, and monitor treatment responses. Based on the evidence of increased oxidative stress in glaucomatous tissues, this study analyzed oxidative stress-related biomarker candidates in blood and aqueous humor samples with or without glaucoma. Methods: The blood and aqueous humor samples collected from carefully selected groups of 96 patients with glaucoma and 64 healthy subjects without glaucoma were included in the study. The samples were analyzed for protein carbonyls and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) through ELISA-based quantification assays. To allow proper comparisons, the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient that reflects the ratio of aqueous humor to blood values corrected to total protein concentration in individual samples was calculated. Results: Blood and aqueous humor levels of protein carbonyls and AGEs were found significantly higher in glaucomatous samples compared with age-matched nonglaucomatous controls (P < 0.001). The glaucoma-related increase in protein carbonyls and AGEs was more prominent in aqueous humor samples than blood samples (2.6-fold versus 1.9-fold for protein carbonyls, and 3.1-fold versus 1.9-fold for AGEs; P < 0.001). Comparison of the Goldmann-Witmer coefficients indicated greater values for protein carbonyls (1.37 ± 0.3 vs. 3.07 ± 0.8) and AGEs (1.2 ± 0.3 vs. 3.2 ± 1.1) in the glaucoma group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Findings of this study encourage further validation studies of oxidative stress-related biomarkers in glaucoma. Analysis of protein carbonyls and AGEs in longitudinal studies of larger and heterogeneous patient cohorts should better assess the value of these promising candidates as molecular biomarkers of glaucoma for clinical predictions.
Authors: Cheng Luo; Xiangjun Yang; Angela D Kain; David W Powell; Markus H Kuehn; Gülgün Tezel Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2010-06-10 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: C D Smith; J M Carney; P E Starke-Reed; C N Oliver; E R Stadtman; R A Floyd; W R Markesbery Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 1991-12-01 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Alessandra Castegna; Michael Aksenov; Marina Aksenova; Visith Thongboonkerd; Jon B Klein; William M Pierce; Rosemarie Booze; William R Markesbery; D Allan Butterfield Journal: Free Radic Biol Med Date: 2002-08-15 Impact factor: 7.376
Authors: Neville N Osborne; Dan Ji; Aman S Abdul Majid; Rebecca J Fawcett; Anna Sparatore; Piero Del Soldato Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2009-08-26 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: La Salete Martins; José C Oliveira; José Ramón Vizcaíno; Isabel Fonseca; Carlos Gouveia; Donzília Silva; António C Henriques; Irene L Noronha; Anabela Rodrigues Journal: Oxid Med Cell Longev Date: 2016-01-05 Impact factor: 6.543
Authors: Jamaji C Nwanaji-Enwerem; Weiye Wang; Onyemaechi Nwanaji-Enwerem; Pantel Vokonas; Andrea Baccarelli; Marc Weisskopf; Leon W Herndon; Janey L Wiggs; Sung Kyun Park; Joel Schwartz Journal: JAMA Ophthalmol Date: 2019-02-01 Impact factor: 7.389
Authors: Xiangjun Yang; Qun Zeng; Emre Göktas; Kalashree Gopal; Lama Al-Aswad; Dana M Blumberg; George A Cioffi; Jeffrey M Liebmann; Gülgün Tezel Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2019-03-01 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Ines Rosignol; Beatriz Villarejo-Zori; Petra Teresak; Elena Sierra-Filardi; Xandra Pereiro; Natalia Rodríguez-Muela; Elena Vecino; Helena L A Vieira; Katharina Bell; Patricia Boya Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2020-03-10 Impact factor: 5.923