Nour Hamade1, Prateek Sharma2,3. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MI, USA. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MI, USA. psharma@kumc.edu. 3. Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4801 E. Linwood Boulevard, Kansas City, MI, 64128, USA. psharma@kumc.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this review, we discuss different endoscopic techniques in the eradication of Barrett's esophagus (BE) as well as some controversies in the field of treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: Patients with T1a esophageal adenocarcinoma and BE of high-grade dysplasia should undergo endoscopic ablative therapy. The most studied technique to date is radiofrequency ablation. It can be combined with endoscopic mucosal resection in cases containing nodular and flat lesions. Cryotherapy and APC have shown promise with good efficacy and safety profiles so far, but are not mainstream as more studies are needed. Surveillance is still required post-ablation since recurrence is common. Low-grade dysplasia can be treated with either endo-ablative therapy or surveillance. Non-dysplastic BE treatment is controversial and so far, only surveillance is recommended. Research is ongoing to better risk stratify these patients. Our ability to diagnose and treat BE has come a long way in the past few years with the goal of preventing its progression into malignancy. The advent of endoscopic techniques in the eradication of BE has provided a less invasive and safer modality of treatment as compared to surgical esophagectomy. Data in the form of randomized trials and high-volume registries has provided good evidence to support the efficacy of these techniques and their long-term durability.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this review, we discuss different endoscopic techniques in the eradication of Barrett's esophagus (BE) as well as some controversies in the field of treatment. RECENT FINDINGS:Patients with T1a esophageal adenocarcinoma and BE of high-grade dysplasia should undergo endoscopic ablative therapy. The most studied technique to date is radiofrequency ablation. It can be combined with endoscopic mucosal resection in cases containing nodular and flat lesions. Cryotherapy and APC have shown promise with good efficacy and safety profiles so far, but are not mainstream as more studies are needed. Surveillance is still required post-ablation since recurrence is common. Low-grade dysplasia can be treated with either endo-ablative therapy or surveillance. Non-dysplastic BE treatment is controversial and so far, only surveillance is recommended. Research is ongoing to better risk stratify these patients. Our ability to diagnose and treat BE has come a long way in the past few years with the goal of preventing its progression into malignancy. The advent of endoscopic techniques in the eradication of BE has provided a less invasive and safer modality of treatment as compared to surgical esophagectomy. Data in the form of randomized trials and high-volume registries has provided good evidence to support the efficacy of these techniques and their long-term durability.
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