Sara Fraga1, Marina Amaral2, Marco Antônio Bottino3, Luiz Felipe Valandro4, Cornelis Johannes Kleverlaan5, Liliana Gressler May6. 1. Post-Graduate Program in Dental Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: sara.odonto@yahoo.com.br. 2. Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: marinamaral_85@yahoo.com.br. 3. Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: bottino@fosjc.unesp.br. 4. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: lfvalandro@gmail.com. 5. Department of Dental Materials, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: c.kleverlaan@acta.nl. 6. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: liligmay@gmail.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of machining on the flexural fatigue strength and on the surface roughness of different computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramics by comparing machined and polished after machining specimens. METHODS: Disc-shaped specimens of yttria-stabilized polycrystalline tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP), leucite-, and lithium disilicate-based glass ceramics were prepared by CAD/CAM machining, and divided into two groups: machining (M) and machining followed by polishing (MP). The surface roughness was measured and the flexural fatigue strength was evaluated by the step-test method (n=20). The initial load and the load increment for each ceramic material were based on a monotonic test (n=5). A maximum of 10,000 cycles was applied in each load step, at 1.4Hz. Weibull probability statistics was used for the analysis of the flexural fatigue strength, and Mann-Whitney test (α=5%) to compare roughness between the M and MP conditions. RESULTS: Machining resulted in lower values of characteristic flexural fatigue strength than machining followed by polishing. The greatest reduction in flexural fatigue strength from MP to M was observed for Y-TZP (40%; M=536.48MPa; MP=894.50MPa), followed by lithium disilicate (33%; M=187.71MPa; MP=278.93MPa) and leucite (29%; M=72.61MPa; MP=102.55MPa). Significantly higher values of roughness (Ra) were observed for M compared to MP (leucite: M=1.59μm and MP=0.08μm; lithium disilicate: M=1.84μm and MP=0.13μm; Y-TZP: M=1.79μm and MP=0.18μm). SIGNIFICANCE: Machining negatively affected the flexural fatigue strength of CAD/CAM ceramics, indicating that machining of partially or fully sintered ceramics is deleterious to fatigue strength.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of machining on the flexural fatigue strength and on the surface roughness of different computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramics by comparing machined and polished after machining specimens. METHODS: Disc-shaped specimens of yttria-stabilized polycrystalline tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP), leucite-, and lithium disilicate-based glass ceramics were prepared by CAD/CAM machining, and divided into two groups: machining (M) and machining followed by polishing (MP). The surface roughness was measured and the flexural fatigue strength was evaluated by the step-test method (n=20). The initial load and the load increment for each ceramic material were based on a monotonic test (n=5). A maximum of 10,000 cycles was applied in each load step, at 1.4Hz. Weibull probability statistics was used for the analysis of the flexural fatigue strength, and Mann-Whitney test (α=5%) to compare roughness between the M and MP conditions. RESULTS: Machining resulted in lower values of characteristic flexural fatigue strength than machining followed by polishing. The greatest reduction in flexural fatigue strength from MP to M was observed for Y-TZP (40%; M=536.48MPa; MP=894.50MPa), followed by lithium disilicate (33%; M=187.71MPa; MP=278.93MPa) and leucite (29%; M=72.61MPa; MP=102.55MPa). Significantly higher values of roughness (Ra) were observed for M compared to MP (leucite: M=1.59μm and MP=0.08μm; lithium disilicate: M=1.84μm and MP=0.13μm; Y-TZP: M=1.79μm and MP=0.18μm). SIGNIFICANCE: Machining negatively affected the flexural fatigue strength of CAD/CAM ceramics, indicating that machining of partially or fully sintered ceramics is deleterious to fatigue strength.