Rebecca Kofod Vinding1,2, Tobias Steen Sejersen1,2, Bo L Chawes1, Klaus Bønnelykke1, Thora Buhl3, Hans Bisgaard4, Jakob Stokholm1,2. 1. Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark; and. 3. Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. 4. Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; bisgaard@copsac.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of cesarean delivery (CD) is rising worldwide, and so is childhood obesity. Studies have shown associations between these factors. We examined the development of BMI from birth through childhood to determine whether CDs were associated with differences in growth and obesity. METHODS: Term children from the birth cohorts Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2000 (COPSAC2000) and COPSAC2010 were included. Height, length, and weight measurements were collected prospectively until 5 years in COPSAC2010 and until 13 years in COPSAC2000. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were performed at 3.5 and 7 years. Information on relevant covariates were verified during clinical visits. Analyses were adjusted for covariates associating with CD. RESULTS: In COPSAC2010, 20% (N = 138/673) of the children were delivered by CD; 49% were girls. In COPSAC2000, 19% (N = 76/393) were delivered by CD; 51% were girls. Children delivered by CD had a higher mean BMI at 6 months compared with those delivered vaginally: COPSAC2010 β-coefficient, .41 (95% confidence interval [CI], .12 to .69), P = .01; COPSAC2000 β-coefficient, .16 (95% CI, -.11 to .68), P = .16; and meta-analysis β-coefficient, .37 (95% CI, .14 to .60), P = .002. There were no differences in BMI trajectory between the 2 groups by 5 and 13 years, nor cross-sectional BMI at 5 and 13 years, nor in fat percentages from DXA scans. CONCLUSIONS: Children delivered by CD had a higher BMI at 6 months of age, but this difference did not track into later childhood. Our study does not support the hypothesis that CD leads to later overweight.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of cesarean delivery (CD) is rising worldwide, and so is childhood obesity. Studies have shown associations between these factors. We examined the development of BMI from birth through childhood to determine whether CDs were associated with differences in growth and obesity. METHODS: Term children from the birth cohorts Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2000 (COPSAC2000) and COPSAC2010 were included. Height, length, and weight measurements were collected prospectively until 5 years in COPSAC2010 and until 13 years in COPSAC2000. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were performed at 3.5 and 7 years. Information on relevant covariates were verified during clinical visits. Analyses were adjusted for covariates associating with CD. RESULTS: In COPSAC2010, 20% (N = 138/673) of the children were delivered by CD; 49% were girls. In COPSAC2000, 19% (N = 76/393) were delivered by CD; 51% were girls. Children delivered by CD had a higher mean BMI at 6 months compared with those delivered vaginally: COPSAC2010 β-coefficient, .41 (95% confidence interval [CI], .12 to .69), P = .01; COPSAC2000 β-coefficient, .16 (95% CI, -.11 to .68), P = .16; and meta-analysis β-coefficient, .37 (95% CI, .14 to .60), P = .002. There were no differences in BMI trajectory between the 2 groups by 5 and 13 years, nor cross-sectional BMI at 5 and 13 years, nor in fat percentages from DXA scans. CONCLUSIONS:Children delivered by CD had a higher BMI at 6 months of age, but this difference did not track into later childhood. Our study does not support the hypothesis that CD leads to later overweight.
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