Jeffrey Guina1,2, Matthew Baker3,4, Kelly Stinson5, Jon Maust6, Joseph Coles3,4, Pamela Broderick7. 1. Wright-Patterson Medical Center, 88th Mental Health Flight, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA. jeffguina@yahoo.com. 2. Boonshoft School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University, 627 S. Edwin C. Moses, Dayton, OH, 45417, USA. jeffguina@yahoo.com. 3. Wright-Patterson Medical Center, 88th Mental Health Flight, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA. 4. Boonshoft School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University, 627 S. Edwin C. Moses, Dayton, OH, 45417, USA. 5. 31st Medical Group, Mental Health Flight, Aviano Air Base, Aviano, Italy. 6. Wilford Hall, 59th Mental Health Squadron, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland Air Force Base, Bexar, TX, 78236, USA. 7. 52nd Medical Group, Mental Health Flight, Spangdahlem Air Base, Spangdahlem, Germany.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Since 1980, posttraumatic stress (PTS) disorder has been controversial because of its origin as a social construct, its discriminating trauma definition, and the Procrustean array of symptoms/clusters chosen for inclusion/exclusion. This review summarizes the history of trauma-related nosology and proposed changes, within current categorical models (trauma definitions, symptoms/clusters, subtypes/specifiers, disorders) and new models. RECENT FINDINGS: Considering that trauma is a risk factor for virtually all mental disorders (particularly depressive, anxiety, dissociative, personality), the multi-finality of trauma (some survivors are resilient, and some develop PTS and/or non-PTS symptoms), and the various symptoms that trauma survivors express (mood, cognitive, perceptual, somatic), it is difficult to classify PTS. Because the human mind best comprehends categories, reliable classification generally necessitates using a categorical nosology but PTS defies categories (internalizing and/or externalizing, fear-based and/or numbing symptoms), the authors conclude that PTS-like DSM-5's panic attacks specifier-is currently best conceptualized as a specifier for other mental disorders.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Since 1980, posttraumatic stress (PTS) disorder has been controversial because of its origin as a social construct, its discriminating trauma definition, and the Procrustean array of symptoms/clusters chosen for inclusion/exclusion. This review summarizes the history of trauma-related nosology and proposed changes, within current categorical models (trauma definitions, symptoms/clusters, subtypes/specifiers, disorders) and new models. RECENT FINDINGS: Considering that trauma is a risk factor for virtually all mental disorders (particularly depressive, anxiety, dissociative, personality), the multi-finality of trauma (some survivors are resilient, and some develop PTS and/or non-PTS symptoms), and the various symptoms that trauma survivors express (mood, cognitive, perceptual, somatic), it is difficult to classify PTS. Because the human mind best comprehends categories, reliable classification generally necessitates using a categorical nosology but PTS defies categories (internalizing and/or externalizing, fear-based and/or numbing symptoms), the authors conclude that PTS-like DSM-5's panic attacks specifier-is currently best conceptualized as a specifier for other mental disorders.
Authors: Patricia A Resick; Michelle J Bovin; Amber L Calloway; Alexandra M Dick; Matthew W King; Karen S Mitchell; Michael K Suvak; Stephanie Y Wells; Shannon Wiltsey Stirman; Erika J Wolf Journal: J Trauma Stress Date: 2012-06
Authors: Margaret R Bauer; Anna M Ruef; Suzanne L Pineles; Sandra J Japuntich; Michael L Macklin; Natasha B Lasko; Scott P Orr Journal: Psychol Assess Date: 2013-07-01
Authors: Andreas Maercker; Chris R Brewin; Richard A Bryant; Marylene Cloitre; Mark van Ommeren; Lynne M Jones; Asma Humayan; Ashraf Kagee; Augusto E Llosa; Cécile Rousseau; Daya J Somasundaram; Renato Souza; Yuriko Suzuki; Inka Weissbecker; Simon C Wessely; Michael B First; Geoffrey M Reed Journal: World Psychiatry Date: 2013-10 Impact factor: 49.548
Authors: Diane T Castillo; Jeremy S Joseph; Andra T Tharp; Janet C'de Baca; Lorraine M Torres-Sena; Clifford Qualls; Mark W Miller Journal: J Trauma Stress Date: 2014-02