Maria E Montez-Rath1, Yuanchao Zheng1, Manjula Kurella Tamura1,2, Vanessa Grubbs3, Wolfgang C Winkelmayer4, Tara I Chang5. 1. Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. 2. VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA. 3. Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. 4. Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. 5. Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. tichang@stanford.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is little information on hospital and nursing facility stays during the transition from pre-dialysis kidney disease to end-stage renal disease treated with dialysis. OBJECTIVES: To examine hospital and nursing facility stays in the years pre- and post-dialysis initiation, and to develop a novel method for visualizing these data. DESIGN: Observational study of patients in the US Renal Data System initiating dialysis from October 2011 to October 2012. PARTICIPANTS: Patients aged ≥67 years with Medicare Part A/B coverage for 1 year pre-dialysis initiation. MAIN MEASURES: Proportion of patients with ≥1 facility day, and among these, the mean number of days and the mean proportion of time spent in a facility in the first year post-dialysis initiation. We created "heat maps" to represent data visually. KEY RESULTS: Among 28,049 patients, > 60% initiated dialysis in the hospital. Patients with at least 1 facility day spent 37-42 days in a facility in the year pre-dialysis initiation and 59-67 facility days in the year post-dialysis initiation. The duration of facility stay varied by age: patients aged 67-70 years spent 60 (95% CI 57-62) days or 25.8% of the first year post-dialysis initiation in a facility, while patients aged >80 years spent 67 (CI 65-69) days or 36.8% of the first year post-dialysis initiation in a facility. Patterns varied depending on the presence or absence of certain comorbid conditions, with dementia having a particularly large effect: patients with dementia spent approximately 50% of the first year post-dialysis initiation in a facility, regardless of age. CONCLUSIONS: Older patients, particularly octogenarians and patients with dementia or other comorbidities, spend a large proportion of time in a facility during the first year after dialysis initiation. Our heat maps provide a novel and concise visual representation of a large amount of quantitative data regarding expected outcomes after initiation of dialysis.
BACKGROUND: There is little information on hospital and nursing facility stays during the transition from pre-dialysis kidney disease to end-stage renal disease treated with dialysis. OBJECTIVES: To examine hospital and nursing facility stays in the years pre- and post-dialysis initiation, and to develop a novel method for visualizing these data. DESIGN: Observational study of patients in the US Renal Data System initiating dialysis from October 2011 to October 2012. PARTICIPANTS: Patients aged ≥67 years with Medicare Part A/B coverage for 1 year pre-dialysis initiation. MAIN MEASURES: Proportion of patients with ≥1 facility day, and among these, the mean number of days and the mean proportion of time spent in a facility in the first year post-dialysis initiation. We created "heat maps" to represent data visually. KEY RESULTS: Among 28,049 patients, > 60% initiated dialysis in the hospital. Patients with at least 1 facility day spent 37-42 days in a facility in the year pre-dialysis initiation and 59-67 facility days in the year post-dialysis initiation. The duration of facility stay varied by age: patients aged 67-70 years spent 60 (95% CI 57-62) days or 25.8% of the first year post-dialysis initiation in a facility, while patients aged >80 years spent 67 (CI 65-69) days or 36.8% of the first year post-dialysis initiation in a facility. Patterns varied depending on the presence or absence of certain comorbid conditions, with dementia having a particularly large effect: patients with dementia spent approximately 50% of the first year post-dialysis initiation in a facility, regardless of age. CONCLUSIONS: Older patients, particularly octogenarians and patients with dementia or other comorbidities, spend a large proportion of time in a facility during the first year after dialysis initiation. Our heat maps provide a novel and concise visual representation of a large amount of quantitative data regarding expected outcomes after initiation of dialysis.
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