Two New Tetravacant Organometallic Keggin-Type Heteropolyoxomolybdates-Supported Manganese Carbonyl Derivatives.

Two novel heteropolyoxomolybdate [XMo₈O31]n- (X = Ge(1) or P(2)) manganese carbonyl derivatives [(CH₃)₄N]₆H₆{MnII(GeMo₈O31)[MnI(CO)₃]₂}₂·12H₂O (1) and [(CH₃)₄N]₄H₆{MnII(PMo₈O31)[MnI(CO)₃]₂}₂·14H₂O (2), have been successfully synthesized and characterized in the solid state by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and thermogravimetric analysis, and in solution by UV-Vis spectroscopy and electrochemistry. The two polyoxomolybdate-based organometallic compounds 1 and 2 represent rare examples of transition metal sandwich-based polyoxometalate metal carbonyl derivatives (PMCDs), in which the organic-inorganic hybrids are composed of four Mn(CO)₃⁺ groups symmetrically occupied the tetravacant sites of dimeric heteropolyoxomolybdate {Mn₂(XMo₈O31)₂}n- through MnI-O-Mo bonds. The carbonyl functionalized Mn atoms are octahedrally coordinated via three μ₂-oxygens of the [XMo₈O31]n- unit and three carbonyl carbon atoms. Interestingly, 1 and 2 form a psedocuboidal ring Mn(CO)₃Mo₃O12 with {Mn(CO)₃}⁺ occupying the three fold axis of the Mo₃O12 octahedral triad. Beside this, the two centrally placed adjacent MnII atoms show intramolecular Mn∙∙∙Mn interactions of 3.11 and 3.16 Å in 1 and 2, respectively. Significant n→π* and O···O intermolecular interactions between the orthogonally aligned adjacent carbonyl groups through the overlap of lone-pair electrons on oxygen atoms with the antibonding orbital (π*) of the adjacent carbony carbon atom of the subsequent units in 1 and 2 were observed. The electrochemical properties of the two compounds were also been investigated.

1. Introduction

class="Chemical">Polyoxometalates (POMs), are a uclass="Chemical">nique class of class="Chemical">n class="Chemical">metal-oxo clusters, widely studied in different scientific fields such as catalysis, magnetism, medicine and functional materials due to their versatile structures and efficient properties [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. One of the unique attributes of polyoxometalates is their electron acceptor property which allows them to form reduced and mixed valence compounds thus promoting their redox switching behavior [9,10,11]. In recent years, metal carbonyl-functionalized POMs have emerged as an important category of organometallic hybrid clusters that mainly attract attention due to their role in providing new structural classes by altering the electronic and structural features of the basic transition metal-substituted POMs structural motifs [12,13]. Therefore, immobilization of metal carbonyl units onto the polyoxometalate surface plays a significant role in obtaining functional compounds which can enjoy the dual advantages [14]. Metal carbonyl-substituted POMs have long been studied due to their high catalytic activity, particularly in many organic reactions [15,16,17]. Since the advent of the first POM-incorporating carbonyl cobalt derivative reported by Knoth in 1979 [18], POM-based metal carbonyl derivatives have emerged as compounds of significant importance and thus are being increasingly studied.

In recent years, a number of POM-based class="Chemical">metal carbonyl derivatives (class="Chemical">n class="Chemical">PMCDs) particularly ones based on classical Keggin- and Dawson-type structures have been consistently of interest [19,20,21,22] (Table 1). In this direction, our group has also contributed substantially and first explored the synthesis and electrochemical properties of octatungstate- and octamolybdate-supported tricarbonyl metal derivatives: [(H2X8O30){M(CO)3}2]8− (M = MnI and ReI: X = W, Mo) in 2011 and 2013, respectively [23,24]. Recently, we also reported heteropolytungstate- and isopentatungstate-supported metal carbonyl derivatives and their electrocatalytic application for nitrite reduction [25,26]. Previously, the structural analogues of these metal carbonyl compounds based on heteropolyoxotungstates and heteropolyoxomolybdates were also reported [27,28,29]. However, transition metal sandwiched heteropolyoxomolybdates incorporating metal cartbonyl units are still very few. In this context, and our interest in exploring and developing organometallic-based POM clusters, encouraged us to successfully obtain two new tetravacant Keggin-type heteropolyoxomolybdate metal carbonyl derivatives: [(CH3)4N]6H6{MnII(GeMo8O31)[MnI(CO)3]2}2·12H2O (1) and [(CH3)4N]4H6{MnII(PMo8O31)[MnI(CO)3]2}2·14H2O (2), whose structures revealed four organometallic {Mn(CO)3}+ units symmetrically placed onto the three-fold axis of the Mo3O12 octahedral triad, with two additional octahedrally-coordinated MnII atoms that lay within the sandwich-type heteropolyoxomolybdates.

Table 1

Summary of recently reported PMCDs.

Year	Formula	Reference
2008	Cs6[SiW11O39RuII(CO)]·8H2O	[19]
2011	(NH4)4[H4{[H2Mo8O30][Mn(CO)3]2}]·12H2O	[24]
	(NH4)4[{H6Mo8O30}−{Re(CO)3}2]·14H2O
2013	H6[Na(H2O)5]2{[H2W8O30][Mn(CO)3]2}·13H2O	[23]
	H2[Na(H2O)5]2[Na(H2O)4]2[Na(H2O)2]2{[H2W8O30][Re(CO)3]2}
	[Na(H2O)5]2[Na2(µ2-H2O)2(H2O)4]2[Mn(H2O)2]{[H2W8O30][Mn(CO)3]2}
2016	KH[(CH3)4N]3{[Re(CO)3]4[(μ2-OH)(μ3-O)(W5O18)]}·6H2O	[26]
2013	Na11H[Sb2W20O70{Re(CO)3}2]·34H2O	[21]
	Na11H[Bi2W20O70{Re(CO)3}2]·33H2O
	K9Na3[Sb2W20O70{Mn(CO)3}2]·32H2O
	K9Na3[Bi2W20O70{Mn(CO)3}2]·32H2O
2013	[P2W17O61{Re(CO)3}3{ORb(H2O)}(μ3-OH)]9−	[14]
2014	[P4W35O124{Re(CO)3}2]16−	[22]
2012	K8[(OC)3Mn(A-α-H2GeW9O34)]·10H2O	[20]
	K8[(OC)3Mn(A-α-H2SiW9O34)]·11H2O
2014	[(CH3)4N]5H23{(PW11O39){Re(CO)3}3(µ3-O)(µ2-OH)]4·24H2O	[27]
2015	{[PMo3O16][Re(CO)3]4}5−	[25]
2016	[(M4(H2O)10(XW9O33)2{Mn(CO)3}2]n− (X = Sb/Bi; Mn = Mn/Mn3.5W0.5)	[28]
2015	(NH4)3H3[{Mn(CO)3}(Mn(H2O)2(Mn(H2O)3)(TeW9O33)]2·31H2O	[29]

The structures 1 and 2 represent rare examples of hyclass="Chemical">brid POMs haviclass="Chemical">ng both orgaclass="Chemical">noclass="Chemical">n class="Chemical">metallic and transition metal-induced structural and electronic features. The detailed studies related to their synthesis, and interesting redox behaviour due to active MnII/MnI redox couple, were undertaken and the results of these investigations are now described here.

2. Results and Discussion

2.1. Synthesis

The synthesis of class="Chemical">heteropolyoxomolybdate-supported class="Chemical">n class="Chemical">tricarbonyl metal derivatives 1 and 2 was achieved using (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O as the starting material via a two-step reaction protocol in a mixed solution of water/acetonitrile and water/methanol for 1 and 2, respectively (Scheme 1). A series of parallel experiments showed that the reaction pH values play an important role in the formation of these two new organometallic compounds. The syntheses of 1 and 2 were conducted in a weakly acidic aqueous solution (pH 5–6), and crystals of suitable size were obtained at pH 5 by adding aqueous ammonia solution. Moreover, slight deviations from this pH value hamper the successful crystallization of 1 and 2. Based on previous reports, it could be envisaged that the organometallic metal substituents, particularly the metal carbonyl cations, attach less well onto the anionic oxygen atoms of the POM framework due to the steric hindrance of the organic group [14,27], thus it is quite difficult to obtain high nuclear PMCDs.

Scheme 1

Preparation of novel PMCDs 1 and 2 via a two-step reaction protocol. Colour code: O, red balls; C, grey balls; Mn/Mn, orange balls; Mo6 octahedra, blue; XO4 (X = P/Ge) tetrahedral, purple.

In line with the above facts, we successfully obtained POM-supported class="Chemical">Mn(CO)3+ with additioclass="Chemical">nally saclass="Chemical">ndwiched class="Chemical">n class="Chemical">MnII atoms in between the two [XMo8O31]n− subunits that form the [Mn4(CO)6Mn2(XMo8)2]n− (X = Ge(1), P(2)) structural framework. It is noted that the crystals of 1 and 2 are sensitive to weathering and thus were converted into powders on exposure to air.

2.2. Crystal Structures

Crystallographic data, structure refinement, and selected bond lengths and angles for 1 and 2 are presented in Tables S1–S3 of the Supporting Information. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that 1 and 2 are almost isomorphous. class="Chemical">Compouclass="Chemical">nds 1 aclass="Chemical">nd 2 both crystallize iclass="Chemical">n the tricliclass="Chemical">nic space group P-1 with similar structural features, class="Chemical">n class="Chemical">composed of two symmetrical [(XMo8O31){MnI(CO)3}2]2n− (X = Ge(1) or P(2)) units joined by a central pair of MnII ions, resulting in a sandwich structural core (Figure 1a). Interestingly, each central manganese atom bonded symmetrically with six bridging oxygen atoms; amongst them four µ2-O atoms bridged MoVI to the MnII atoms within each [XMo8O31]n− unit. Beside this, the two centrally placed adjacent MnII are linked via two µ3-O atoms thus connected to each other at Mn∙∙∙Mn distances of 3.11 and 3.16 Å with ∠Mn(3)-O(31)-Mn(3): 92.77° and 94.02° in 1 and 2, respectively. The atoms Mn(3)/O(9), O(12), O(31) and O(31) lay in one plane with O(9)-Mn(3)-O(12) and O(31)-Mn(3)-O(31) of 90.77 and 87.23°, respectively, along with the two axially placed µ2O(11)/O(12) atoms that complete the octahedral coordination geometry around the MnII atoms. In addition, there are two carbonyl-substituted MnI atoms that are octahedrally coordinated through three μ2-O atoms of the [XMo8O31]n− unit and three carbon atoms from three carbonyl groups (Mn-O: 2.020(7)–2.063(6) Å, Mn-C: 1.747(14)–1.8156(11) Å). Here, the three carbon atoms take up one triangular facet of the octahedron together with the three oxygen atoms in opposite positions thus the {Mn(CO)3}+ occupies the three fold axis of the Mo3O12 octahedral triad to form the pseudocuboid Mn(CO)3Mo3O12. The two symmetrically-placed cuboids get connected via two µ2-O atoms to form dual-core manganese metal centers in both 1 and 2 (Figure 1b). Notably, each [(XMo8O31){MnI(CO)3}2]n− (X = Ge(1) or P(2)) units can be regarded as a tetravacant Keggin-[XMo8O31]n− fragment carrying two {Mn(CO)3}+ groups (Figure 1c), while the [XMo8O31]n− fragment is derived from the well-known saturated Keggin polyanion by removal of a edge-shared Mo3O13 triad and a MoO6 octahedron from the 60° vertically placed Mo3O13 triad.

Figure 1

(a) Ball-and-stick representation of 1 and 2; (b) Polyhedral representation of 1 and 2; (c) {Mn(CO)3}+ grafted anions 1 and 2; (d) Ball-and-stick representation of anions [XMo8O31]n− (X = Ge(1) or P(2)). Colour code: O, red; C, grey; Mo, blue; Ge/P, pink; Mn, orange.

In 1 and 2, the class="Chemical">oxygen atoms are classified iclass="Chemical">nto five groups acclass="Chemical">n class="Chemical">cording to their different coordination environments, as in anion 1: (1) 16 terminal oxygen atoms emanating from one Mo and six carbonyl carbon atoms [Mo = O: 1.688(8)–1.744(6) Å]; (2) 11 μ2-O atoms bridged between the two Mo atoms [Mo-(μ2-O):1.849(7)–2.209(5) Å; (3) one μ3-O bonded to two Mo and a germanium atom, [Mo-(μ3-O): 2.201(6)–2.210(6) Å; (4) two μ4-O atoms bridging three Mo atoms and a germanium atom, [Mo-(μ4-O): 2.273(6)–2.372(5) Å; Ge-O: 1.704(5)–1.781(5) Å. Interestingly, clusters 1 and 2 sustain a supramolecular framework through non-covalent n→π* and O···O interactions. Significant n→π* intermolecular interactions are observed between the orthogonally aligned adjacent carbonyl groups through the overlap of lone pair electrons on oxygen atoms with the antibonding orbital (π*) of the adjacent carbony group of the subsequent units. The distances between the donor and acceptor atoms in 1 and 2 are 3.20 Å, in agreement to the previous report [30]. Beside this, the carbonyl oxygen atoms also sustain non-covalent chalcogen-chalcogen O···O intermolecular interactions with distances of 2.98 Å (Figure 2) [31,32]. It can be observed that the intermolecular O···O distances is shorter then the sum of the van der Waals radii (ΣRVdW) of oxygen atoms. A close look into the structures of 1 and 2 reveals fascinating intramolecular Mn∙∙∙Mn interactions of 3.11 Å, in 1, which are relatively stronger as compared to 3.16 Å in 2. It is significant to note that 1 and 2 are amongst the few carbonyl metal derivatives within the Keggin type polyoxometalates carrying four {Mn(CO)3}+ moieties grafted onto the anionic POM surface. It is noteworthy that {[XMo8O31]n− (X = Ge(1) or P(2)) (Figure 1d) is although similar to the tetravacant Keggin polyanion [SiW8O31]10− [19] and [PW8O31]9− [29] units, but still relatively less explored. Importantly, the current contribution of [Mn4(CO)6Mn2(XMo8)2]n− (X = Ge(1), P(2)) are the new addition that may enrich the subclass of POM-supported carbonyl clusters based on [XMo8O31]n− (X = Ge(1) or P(2)) polyanions.

Figure 2

(a) Mn∙∙∙Mn interactions of 3.11 and 3.16 Å in 1 and 2; (b) Pseudocuboids Mn(CO)3Mo3O12 formation in 1 and 2; (c) Supramolecular framework through non-covalent n→π* and O···O interactions in 1 and 2. Colour code: O, red balls; C, grey balls; Mn, orange balls; Mo, blue; XO4 (X = P/Ge) tetrahedral, purple.

The BVS values for the sandwich Mn atoms in 1 and 2 are presented in Table 2. It is obvious that the four Mn atoms n class="Chemical">coclass="Chemical">nclass="Chemical">nected to class="Chemical">n class="Chemical">carbonyl groups are in +1 oxidation states.

Table 2

The bond valence of atoms in 1 and 2.

Atoms	1	2
Mo	5.99–6.09	6.17–6.62
Mn	2.30	2.42

2.3. Electrochemistry

The results of CV experiments of 1 and 2 are quite similar (Figure 3a,b). At the potential ranclass="Chemical">ge of 1 (Figure 3a), oclass="Chemical">ne irreversible oxidatioclass="Chemical">n peak aclass="Chemical">nd two pairs of quasi-reversible redox waves appeared with the E1/2(V) at −0.636 (III–III′) aclass="Chemical">nd 0.322 (I–I′) that class="Chemical">n class="Chemical">correspond to the redox processes based on MoVI atoms and {Mn(CO)3}+ pendant groups, respectively. The redox wave (I–I′), although not clearly discerned in the case of 1, could be seen for 2 and is mainly attributed to the oxidation/reduction of MnI/MnII, while the MoVI-based waves are located in the negative potential region. The influence of the scan rate on the current of 1 and 2 has also been studied under the same reaction conditions and the results illustrate the variation of cathodic peak currents of the MoVI-based waves with different scan rates. When the scan rate is varied from 25 to 300 mV s−1, the peak currents are proportional to the root of the scan rates in both cases, which suggests that a surface-controlled electron-transfer process is occurring at 1 and 2, respectively (Figure 4).

Figure 3

The CV curves of 1 (a) and 2 (b) in the mixed solvent of CH3CN–Na2SO4 (1:3, volume ratio) (0.4 mol·L−1) at different scan rates (from inner to outer: 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 mV·s−1).

Figure 4

The variation of the third couple peak currents (red: anodic, black: cathodic) against the square root of the scan rates from 50 to 300 mV·s−1 of 1 (a) and 2 (b). The working electrode is glassy carbon and the reference electrode is SCE.

The detection and removal of class="Chemical">nitrite ioclass="Chemical">ns from the eclass="Chemical">nvclass="Chemical">n class="Chemical">ironment and foodstuffs is a matter of great concern. Considerable efforts have been made to introduce various electrocatalysts that could be beneficial in enhancing the elecrocatalytic reduction process of nitrites. Previously, electrocatalytic nitrite reduction by various transition metal-substituted heteropolyoxotungstate-based electrocatalysts were performed in CH3COONa + CH3COOH buffer solution [33,34,35,36]. A few reports on electrocatalytic reduction using Na2SO4 + CH3CN solution were reported using heteropolytungstate as electrocatalyst, but PMCD-based electrocatalysts in mixed solvent, i.e., CH3CN + Na2SO4 are still not explored.

The electrocatalytic class="Chemical">nitrite reductioclass="Chemical">n for 1 aclass="Chemical">nd 2 were iclass="Chemical">nvestigated uclass="Chemical">nder the same reactioclass="Chemical">n class="Chemical">n class="Chemical">conditions as those employed in the CV studies. Like previous reports on electrocatalytic nitrite reduction, the gradual additions of different concentration of NaNO2 to 1 × 10−5 mol L−1 of 1 and 2 were carried out and the changes in the redox potentials of 1 and 2 were observed (Figure 5). The cyclic voltammograms depicts the variation of cathodic peak currents of the MoVI-based wave. On addition of NO2−, the reduction peak of Mo centers show a certain shifting in a negative potential direction, while the corresponding oxidation peak disappears gradually, indicating that compounds 1 and 2 play a significant role in the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite (Figure 4). Moreover, an irreversible oxidation peak appears at the positive potential region with the gradual addition of nitrite. This peak corresponds for NO2− as confirmed from the cyclic voltammogram spectra obtained in the absence of compounds 1 and 2 (Figure 6).

Figure 5

The CVs of 1 (a) and 2 (b) in the mixed solvent of CH3CN–Na2SO4 (1:3, volume ratio) at the concentration of 1 × 10−5 mol·L−1, scan rate of 100 mV·s−1 with gradual addition of NaNO2.

Figure 6

The CVs of 0.0–5.0 mM NaNO2 solution in the absence of 1 and 2 recorded at 100 mV·s−1 scan rate. The working electrode is glassy carbon and the reference electrode is SCE.

2.4. UV–Vis Spectroscopy

The UV–Vis spectra were monitored to investigate the properties of 1 and 2 in the mixed solvent class="Chemical">CH3CN–class="Chemical">n class="Chemical">H2O (1:3, volume ratio) in the range of 200–500 nm. The clusters show similar characteristic UV–Vis curves, thus supporting the isostructural nature and similar bonding patterns in 1 and 2 (Figure 7). The band for 1 and 2 that appears at 206 nm can be attributed due to the Ot→Mo charge transfer transitions [37], while, the broad absorption band at ca. 388 nm can be assigned to Mn (π)→CO (π*) transitions, thus illustrating the presence of manganese carbonyl groups (Figure 7) [38,39,40,41]. In order to investigate the stability of 1 and 2 in solution, the UV–Vis spectra were recorded in regular intervals for up to 4 h in a mixed solvent mixture (Figure 8) and it is corroborated that compound 1 remains stable for about 3 h at room temperature in a dark environment, while compound 2 lost its stability after 2 h.

Figure 7

The UV-Vis spectra of 1 and 2 in the mixed solvent of CH3CN/H2O (1:3, volume ratio).

Figure 8

The aging of the solutions of 1 (a) and 2 (b) detected by in situ obtained UV-Vis spectra changes.

2.5. IR Spectroscopy

The IR spectra of 1 and 2 (Figure 9) show similar characteristic stretching viclass="Chemical">bratioclass="Chemical">ns iclass="Chemical">n the regioclass="Chemical">n of 400–4000 cm−1. Furthermore, stroclass="Chemical">ng baclass="Chemical">nds for 1 aclass="Chemical">nd 2 appear at 936, 905, 773, 667, 615 cm−1 aclass="Chemical">nd 940, 905, 769, 684, 628, 595, 545 cm−1 that class="Chemical">n class="Chemical">could be assigned for the ν (Mo–O), ν (X–O) (X = Ge or P) for 1 and 2, respectively. The asymmetric and symmetric stretch vibrations of C=O groups appear as strong bands at ca. (2025, 1925) and (2035, 1900) cm−1 for 1 and 2, respectively. Similar bands are observed for a number of C3V carbonyl metal complexes in the carbonyl stretching region [42]. The resonance at about 3437 cm−1 is attributed to –OH and –NH stretching and the flexural vibration waves of –OH and –NH at 1621 and 1485 cm−1 are observed meanwhile. In addition, bands at 1048 and 1020 cm−1 in compound 2 assigned to the ν (P–O) vibrations.

Figure 9

FT-IR spectra (KBr pellets) of 1 (a) and 2 (b).

2.6. Thermogravimetric Analysis

The thermogravimetric (TG) analyses of 1 and 2 have been performed under a class="Chemical">nitrogen aclass="Chemical">n class="Chemical">tmosphere in the 25–800 °C temperature range at a slow heating rate of 10 °C/min. The TG curves show three step mass losses in the above temperature range (Figure 10), giving a total loss of 33.70% (calcd. 32.77%) for 1 and 35.68% (calcd. 33.50%) for 2.

Figure 10

Thermogram of 1 and 2.

For 1, the first staclass="Chemical">ge spectral chaclass="Chemical">nclass="Chemical">n class="Chemical">ge from 25 to 110 °C is attributed to the loss of twelve lattice water molecules, and the observed weight loss of 5.80% is comparable with the calculated value (5.40%). The second stage weight loss of 8.50% occurs between 110 and 270 °C, which could be due to the loss of twelve carbonyl groups (calcd. 8.40%). The third stage with the weight loss of 14.10% from 270 to 800 °C can be attributed to the removal of six tetramethylammonium cations and six protons (in the form of constitutive water molecules) (calcd. 13.78%). In the case of 2, the TG curve follows a similar decomposition trend as in 1, the first stage from 25 to 120 °C is ascribed to the loss of fourteen lattice water molecules, and the observed weight loss of 6.28% is consistent with the calculated value of 6.61%. The second stage 9.47% weight loss that appears occurs between 120 and 240 °C, and may be due to the removal of twelve carbonyl groups (calcd. 8.82%). The third stage that appears with a weight loss of 11.95% from 240 to 800 °C shows the removal of four tetramethyl-ammonium cations and six protons (in the form of crystallized water molecules) (calcd. 10.70%).

3. Experimental Section

3.1. Materials and General Methods

All the chemical reaclass="Chemical">geclass="Chemical">nts were class="Chemical">n class="Chemical">commercially available and used without further purification. IR spectra were obtained from solid sample pelletized with KBr on a 170 SXFT-IR spectrometer (Nicolet, Madison, WI, USA) in the range 400–4000 cm−1. UV-Vis. spectra were recorded on a U-4100 spectrometer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Elemental analyses (C, H and N) were conducted on a 2400-II CHNS/O analyzer (Perkin-Elmer, 940 Winter Street Waltham, MA, USA). Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectra were obtained on a Perkin-Elmer Optima 2000 ICP-OES spectrometer. TGA experiments were performed under a N2 atmosphere on a TGA/SDTA851 instrument (Mettler-Toledo, Sonnenbergstrasse 74, Greifensee, Switzerland ) with the heating rate of 10 °C min−1 from 25 to 800 °C. All electrochemical measurements were performed at room temperature in a standard three-electrode cell connected to a LK98 microcomputer-based electrochemical system (LANLIKE, Tianjin, China). A freshly cleaned glassy carbon disk electrode (3 mm diameter) was used as a working electrode, a platinum wire served as the counter electrode and an Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode. For electrochemical experiments 10−5 M solutions of 1 and 2 in CH3CN–Na2SO4 (0.4 mol·L−1) (1:3, volume ratio) were prepared and the electrochemical experiments were performed in the dark.

3.2. Synthesis of [(CH3)4N]6H6{MnII(GeMo8O31)[MnI(CO)3]2}2·12H2O (

n class="Chemical">Mn(CO)5Br (0.137 g, 0.498 mmol) was refluxed iclass="Chemical">n class="Chemical">n class="Chemical">CH3CN (7.0 mL) in the dark for 20 min under a N2 atmosphere and then the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature (Solution A). In a separate reaction, (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O (0.453 g, 0.5 mmol), GeO2 (0.023 g, 2.5 mmol) and Mn(Ac)2·4H2O (0.613 g, 2.5 mmol) were added to distilled water (15 mL) with subsequent addition of ammonia (0.2 mL) and refluxed for 25 min with constant stirring (Solution B). Next reaction mixture A was added slowly to B at 70 °C for 1 h, followed by the addition of tetramethylammonium bromide (0.1 g). The reaction mixture thus obtained was further stirred for 20–25 min at 70 °C, and then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered, the filtrate was allowed to stand in the dark for slow evaporation. The dark red rod shaped crystals of 1 were isolated after some days. (Yield: ca. 8% based on Mn(CO)5Br). Elemental analysis (%) calcd. for 1: C, 10.80; H, 2.57; N, 2.10; Ge, 3.63; Mo, 38.32; Mn, 8.24. Found: C, 10.83; H, 2.09; N, 2.16; Ge, 3.54; Mo, 38.55; Mn, 8.46; IR (KBr, cm−1): 3437 (vs), 2025 (s), 1925 (vs), 1621 (vs), 1485 (s), 1402 (s), 1248 (m), 1201 (w), 1008 (w), 936 (s), 905 (s), 769 (m), 684 (s), 595 (s), 541 (s), 493 (s) (Figure S1, ESI).

3.3. Synthesis of [(CH3)4N]4H6{MnII(PMo8O31) [MnI(CO)3]2}2·14H2O (

class="Chemical">Mn(CO)5Br (0.137 g, 0.498 mmol) was refluxed iclass="Chemical">n class="Chemical">n class="Chemical">CH3CN (7.0 mL) in the dark for 20 min under a N2 atmosphere and then cooled to room temperature (Solution A). In another separate reaction, (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O (0.618 g, 0.5 mmol), Na2HPO4·12H2O (0.618 g, 2.5 mmol), and Mn(Ac)2·4H2O (0.613 g, 2.5 mmol) were dissolved in distilled water (15 mL) and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 25–30 min at 70 °C then cooled to room temperature and filtered (Solution B). To this filtrate (Solution B), slow addition of Soluion A was performed under constant stirring at 70 °C for 30 min, then the reaction mixture was allowed to attain room temperature followed by the addition of tetramethylammonium bromide solution (0.5 mmol) and subsequent stirring for another 1–2 min at room temperature. The reaction mixture was finally filtered and was allowed to stand in the dark for slow evaporation. The red block shaped crystals of 2 were isolated after some days. Yield: ca. 28% based on Mn(CO)5Br. Elemental analysis (%) calcd. for 2: C, 8.83; H, 2.17; N, 1.47; P, 1.64; Mn, 8.73; Mo, 40.63. Found: C, 8.94; H, 2.12; N, 1.58; P, 1.57; Mn, 8.63; Mo, 40.52. IR (KBr, cm−1): 3437 (vs), 2035 (s), 1900 (vs), 1620 (vs), 1480 (s), 1422 (s), 1240 (m), 1205 (w), 1048 (w), 1020(w), 940 (s), 905 (s), 760 (m), 689 (s), 598 (s), 545 (s), 490 (s) (Figure S1, ESI).

3.4. Crystallography

Crystallographic data for 1, 2 were all class="Chemical">collected at 296 K usiclass="Chemical">ng aclass="Chemical">n class="Chemical">n class="Chemical">Bruker Apex II diffractometer equipped with a CCD bidimensional detector with the graphite monochromated Mo Kα radiation (λ = 0.71073 Å) with an optical fiber as the collimator. The absorption correction was based on multiple and symmetry-equivalent reflections in the data set using the SADABS program (Sheldrick, G. M. SADABS-Bruker AXS area detector scaling and absorption, version 2008/2001; University of Göttingen: Göttingen, Germany, 2008). The structures were solved by direct methods and refined using full-matrix least squares on F2. All calculations were performed using the SHELXTL-97 program package [43]. No hydrogen atoms associated with water molecules were located from the difference Fourier map. Hydrogen atoms attached to carbon and nitrogen atoms were geometrically placed. All hydrogen atoms were refined isotropically as a riding mode using the default SHELXTL parameters. All non-hydrogen atoms were refined anisotropically except for some water molecules.

4. Conclusions

In this class="Chemical">coclass="Chemical">ntributioclass="Chemical">n we have reported the syclass="Chemical">ntheses aclass="Chemical">nd structure elucidatioclass="Chemical">n of two class="Chemical">new class="Chemical">n class="Chemical">heteropolyoxomolybdate-supported tetracarbonyl metal derivatives 1 and 2 by conventional methods. The study demonstrates the feasibility of the formation of some new POM-based metal carbonyl derivatives (PMCDs) through simple inorganic salts. The two polyoxomolybdate-supported organometallic compounds 1 and 2 contain tetracarbonyl functionalized {Mn(CO)3}+ groups with octahedrally coordinated manganese atoms via three μ2-oxygen of the [XMo8O31]n− (X = Ge(1), P(2)) units and three carbon atoms from carbonyl groups. Interestingly, 1 and 2 form psedocuboidal Mn(CO)3Mo3O12 rings where {Mn(CO)3+} occupies the three-fold axis of the Mo3O12 octahedral triad. Beside this, the two clusters show intramolecular Mn∙∙∙Mn interactions of 3.11 and 3.16 Å for 1 and 2, respectively. Significant n→π* and O···O intermolecular interactions between the orthogonally aligned adjacent carbonyl groups through the overlap of lone-pair electrons on oxygen atoms with the antibonding orbital (π*) of the adjacent carbonyl carbon atom of the subsequent units in 1 and 2 were observed. Electrochemical experiments have shown that compounds 1 and 2 exhibit efficient electrocatalytic activity for successful nitrite reduction. The interesting structures presented in this contribution may be helpful for synthetic chemists to obtain heterometallic PMCDs by using different transition metal salts and organometallic precursors. This work presented here widens the scope of the synthesis of novel organometallic-based PMCDs that may possibly act as electrocatalysts in various reactions.