Phuong Thi Le1, Ryoichi Hamasuna2, Masahiro Matsumoto1, Keiichi Furubayashi3, Masayuki Hatanaka4, Shuichi Kawai5, Takamasa Yamaguchi6, Kazutaka Uehara7, Norihiko Murakami8, Masaru Yoshioka9, Ken Nakayama10, Yutaka Shiono11, Keisuke Muraoka12, Masahiko Suzuki13, Naohiro Fujimoto1, Tetsuro Matsumoto1. 1. Department of Urology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan. 2. Department of Urology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan. Electronic address: hamaryo@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp. 3. Sonezaki Furubayashi Clinic, Osaka, Japan. 4. Hatanaka Dermatology and Urology Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan. 5. Kawai Urology Clinic, Kitakyushu, Japan. 6. Yamaguchi Dermatology and Urology Clinic, Munakata, Japan. 7. Uki Clinic, Uki, Japan. 8. Murakami Clinic, Nichinan, Japan. 9. Yoshioka Urology Clinic, Nishinomiya, Japan. 10. Nakayama Clinic, Miyazaki, Japan. 11. Aioi23 Clinic, Yokohama, Japan. 12. Muraoka Clinic of Urology and Internal Medicine, Miyazaki, Japan. 13. Department of Urology, Kasumigaura Medical Center, Tsukuba, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the presence of microorganisms related to urethritis in the oral cavity of male patients with urethritis and the efficacies of antimicrobials for urethritis on microorganisms in the oral cavity. METHODS: Ninety-two male patients with urethritis and 17 male controls participated to this study at 12 urology clinics in Japan between March 2014 and March 2015. The first voided urine (FVU) and oral wash fluid (OWF) specimens were collected from the participants. The microorganisms in both FVU and OWF specimens were detected by nucleic acid amplification tests at the first and follow-up visit. The efficacies of antimicrobials were evaluated after 1-4 weeks treatment completion. RESULTS: In a total of 92 male patients with urethritis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Trichomonas vaginalis and Gardnerella vaginalis were detected from OWF specimens of 12%, 3%, 9%, 0%, 12%, 3%, 3% and 15% patients, respectively. From control males, no microorganism was detected from OWF specimens. Among 46 patients who could be evaluated for antimicrobial efficacies at the follow-up visit, 5 in FVU specimens failed by azithromycin (AZM), and 10 failed in OWF specimens (7 by AZM, 2 by tetracycline, 1 by spectinomycin; p = 0.002). Especially, a high prevalence of G. vaginalis remained positive after treatment for urethritis in the oral cavity. CONCLUSION: Microorganisms related to urethritis were detected in the oral cavity of male patients with urethritis. Antimicrobials that focused on urethritis, especially AZM regimen seem to be less effective for microorganisms in the oral cavity.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the presence of microorganisms related to urethritis in the oral cavity of male patients with urethritis and the efficacies of antimicrobials for urethritis on microorganisms in the oral cavity. METHODS: Ninety-two male patients with urethritis and 17 male controls participated to this study at 12 urology clinics in Japan between March 2014 and March 2015. The first voided urine (FVU) and oral wash fluid (OWF) specimens were collected from the participants. The microorganisms in both FVU and OWF specimens were detected by nucleic acid amplification tests at the first and follow-up visit. The efficacies of antimicrobials were evaluated after 1-4 weeks treatment completion. RESULTS: In a total of 92 male patients with urethritis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Trichomonas vaginalis and Gardnerella vaginalis were detected from OWF specimens of 12%, 3%, 9%, 0%, 12%, 3%, 3% and 15% patients, respectively. From control males, no microorganism was detected from OWF specimens. Among 46 patients who could be evaluated for antimicrobial efficacies at the follow-up visit, 5 in FVU specimens failed by azithromycin (AZM), and 10 failed in OWF specimens (7 by AZM, 2 by tetracycline, 1 by spectinomycin; p = 0.002). Especially, a high prevalence of G. vaginalis remained positive after treatment for urethritis in the oral cavity. CONCLUSION: Microorganisms related to urethritis were detected in the oral cavity of male patients with urethritis. Antimicrobials that focused on urethritis, especially AZM regimen seem to be less effective for microorganisms in the oral cavity.