Michail Alevizakos1, Dimitrios Nasioudis2, Eleftherios Mylonakis1. 1. Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Rhode Island, RI, USA. 2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infectious complications among renal transplant recipients (RTR). UTIs caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) have been associated with inferior clinical outcomes and increased financial burden. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching through the PubMed and EMBASE databases (to May 20, 2016) and identifying studies that reported data on the number of RTR who developed an ESBL-PE UTI. RESULTS: Our analysis included seven studies, out of 357 non-duplicate articles, that provided data on 2824 patients. Among them, 10% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4%-17%) developed an ESBL-PE UTI over their follow-up periods. The proportion of RTR affected by an ESBL-PE UTI was 2% in North America (95% CI 1%-3%), 5% in Europe (95% CI 4%-6%), 17% in South America (95% CI 10%-27%), and 33% in Asia (95% CI 27%-41%). In addition, patients affected with an ESBL-PE UTI were 2.75-times (95% CI 1.97-3.83) more likely to suffer a recurrent UTI. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a limited number of studies, one in 10 RTR will develop a UTI caused by an ESBL-PE, and these patients face an almost 3 times greater risk of recurrence. A more rigorous monitoring of RTR, both during and after resolution of their infection, should be evaluated in order to reduce the incidence and the clinical impact of these resistant infections.
BACKGROUND:Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infectious complications among renal transplant recipients (RTR). UTIs caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) have been associated with inferior clinical outcomes and increased financial burden. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching through the PubMed and EMBASE databases (to May 20, 2016) and identifying studies that reported data on the number of RTR who developed an ESBL-PE UTI. RESULTS: Our analysis included seven studies, out of 357 non-duplicate articles, that provided data on 2824 patients. Among them, 10% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4%-17%) developed an ESBL-PE UTI over their follow-up periods. The proportion of RTR affected by an ESBL-PE UTI was 2% in North America (95% CI 1%-3%), 5% in Europe (95% CI 4%-6%), 17% in South America (95% CI 10%-27%), and 33% in Asia (95% CI 27%-41%). In addition, patients affected with an ESBL-PE UTI were 2.75-times (95% CI 1.97-3.83) more likely to suffer a recurrent UTI. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a limited number of studies, one in 10 RTR will develop a UTI caused by an ESBL-PE, and these patients face an almost 3 times greater risk of recurrence. A more rigorous monitoring of RTR, both during and after resolution of their infection, should be evaluated in order to reduce the incidence and the clinical impact of these resistant infections.
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