Jun Huang1,2, Jianping Song3, Meijie Qu2, Yang Wang2, Qingzhu An3, Yaying Song2, Wei Yan4, Bingshun Wang5, Xiaojin Wang5, Song Zhang3, Xi Chen3, Bing Zhao6, Peixi Liu3, Tongyi Xu3, Zhijun Zhang2, David A Greenberg7, Yongting Wang2, Pingjin Gao1, Wei Zhu3, Guo-Yuan Yang2,8. 1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 2. Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. 3. Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. 4. Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. 5. Institute of Systemic Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. 6. Emergency Department, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. 7. Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA. 8. Department of Neurology, Rujijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are the most common cause of nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults. The genesis of brain AVM remains enigmatic. We investigated microRNA (miRNA) expression and its contribution to the pathogenesis of brain AVMs. METHODS: We used a large-scale miRNA analysis of 16 samples including AVMs, hemangioblastoma, and controls to identify a distinct AVM miRNA signature. AVM smooth muscle cells (AVMSMCs) were isolated and identified by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and candidate miRNAs were then tested in these cells. Migration, tube formation, and CCK-8-induced proliferation assays were used to test the effect of the miRNAs on phenotypic properties of AVMSMCs. A quantitative proteomics approach was used to identify protein expression changes in AVMSMCs treated with miRNA mimics. RESULTS: A distinct AVM miRNA signature comprising a large portion of lowly expressed miRNAs was identified. Among these miRNAs, miR-137 and miR-195* levels were significantly decreased in AVMs and constituent AVMSMCs. Experimentally elevating the level of these microRNAs inhibited AVMSMC migration, tube formation, and survival in vitro and the formation of vascular rings in vivo. Proteomics showed the protein expression signature of AVMSMCs and identified downstream proteins regulated by miR-137 and miR-195* that were key signaling proteins involved in vessel development. INTERPRETATION: Our results indicate that miR-137 and miR-195* act as vasculogenic suppressors in AVMs by altering phenotypic properties of AVMSMCs, and that the absence of miR-137 and miR-195* expression leads to abnormal vasculogenesis. Ann Neurol 2017;82:371-384.
OBJECTIVE:Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are the most common cause of nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults. The genesis of brain AVM remains enigmatic. We investigated microRNA (miRNA) expression and its contribution to the pathogenesis of brain AVMs. METHODS: We used a large-scale miRNA analysis of 16 samples including AVMs, hemangioblastoma, and controls to identify a distinct AVM miRNA signature. AVM smooth muscle cells (AVMSMCs) were isolated and identified by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and candidate miRNAs were then tested in these cells. Migration, tube formation, and CCK-8-induced proliferation assays were used to test the effect of the miRNAs on phenotypic properties of AVMSMCs. A quantitative proteomics approach was used to identify protein expression changes in AVMSMCs treated with miRNA mimics. RESULTS: A distinct AVM miRNA signature comprising a large portion of lowly expressed miRNAs was identified. Among these miRNAs, miR-137 and miR-195* levels were significantly decreased in AVMs and constituent AVMSMCs. Experimentally elevating the level of these microRNAs inhibited AVMSMC migration, tube formation, and survival in vitro and the formation of vascular rings in vivo. Proteomics showed the protein expression signature of AVMSMCs and identified downstream proteins regulated by miR-137 and miR-195* that were key signaling proteins involved in vessel development. INTERPRETATION: Our results indicate that miR-137 and miR-195* act as vasculogenic suppressors in AVMs by altering phenotypic properties of AVMSMCs, and that the absence of miR-137 and miR-195* expression leads to abnormal vasculogenesis. Ann Neurol 2017;82:371-384.
Authors: Romuald Girard; Yan Li; Agnieszka Stadnik; Robert Shenkar; Nicholas Hobson; Sharbel Romanos; Abhinav Srinath; Thomas Moore; Rhonda Lightle; Abdallah Shkoukani; Amy Akers; Timothy Carroll; Gregory A Christoforidis; James I Koenig; Cornelia Lee; Kristina Piedad; Steven M Greenberg; Helen Kim; Kelly D Flemming; Yuan Ji; Issam A Awad Journal: Neurosurgery Date: 2021-02-16 Impact factor: 4.654