Jennifer P Stevens1,2, Michael J Wall3,4, Lena Novack5, John Marshall1, Douglas J Hsu2, Michael D Howell3,6. 1. 1 Center for Healthcare Delivery Science and. 2. 2 Division for Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. 3. 3 Center for Healthcare Delivery Science and Innovation and. 4. 4 Center for Quality, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. 5. 5 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel; and. 6. 6 Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Abstract
RATIONALE: Opioid abuse is increasing, but its impact on critical care resources in the United States is unknown. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that there would be a rising need for critical care among opioid-associated overdoses in the United States. METHODS: We analyzed all adult admissions, using a retrospective cohort study from 162 hospitals in 44 states, discharged between January 1, 2009, and September 31, 2015 to describe the incidence of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions for opioid overdose during this time. Admissions were identified using the Clinical Database/Resource Manager of Vizient, the successor to the University Health System Consortium. RESULTS: Our primary outcome was opioid-associated overdose admissions to the ICU. The outcome was defined on the basis of previously validated ICD-9 codes. Our secondary outcomes were in-hospital death and markers of ICU resources. The final cohort included 22,783,628 admissions; 4,145,068 required ICU care. There were 52.4 ICU admissions for overdose per 10,000 ICU admissions over the entire study (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.8-53.0 per 10,000 ICU admissions). During this time period, opioid overdose admissions requiring intensive care increased 34%, from 44 per 10,000 (95% CI, 43-46 per 10,000) to 59 per 10,000 ICU admissions (95% CI, 57-61 per 10,000; P < 0.0001). The mortality rate of patients with ICU admissions with overdoses averaged 7% (95% CI, 7.0-7.6%) but increased to 10% in 2015 (95% CI, 8.8-10.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The number of deaths of ICU patients with opioid overdoses increased substantially in the 7 years of our study, reflecting increases in both the incidence and mortality of this condition. Our findings raise the need for a national approach to developing safe strategies to care for patients with overdose in the ICU, to providing coordinated resources in the hospital for patients and families, and to helping survivors maintain sobriety on discharge.
RATIONALE: Opioid abuse is increasing, but its impact on critical care resources in the United States is unknown. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that there would be a rising need for critical care among opioid-associated overdoses in the United States. METHODS: We analyzed all adult admissions, using a retrospective cohort study from 162 hospitals in 44 states, discharged between January 1, 2009, and September 31, 2015 to describe the incidence of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions for opioid overdose during this time. Admissions were identified using the Clinical Database/Resource Manager of Vizient, the successor to the University Health System Consortium. RESULTS: Our primary outcome was opioid-associated overdose admissions to the ICU. The outcome was defined on the basis of previously validated ICD-9 codes. Our secondary outcomes were in-hospital death and markers of ICU resources. The final cohort included 22,783,628 admissions; 4,145,068 required ICU care. There were 52.4 ICU admissions for overdose per 10,000 ICU admissions over the entire study (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.8-53.0 per 10,000 ICU admissions). During this time period, opioid overdose admissions requiring intensive care increased 34%, from 44 per 10,000 (95% CI, 43-46 per 10,000) to 59 per 10,000 ICU admissions (95% CI, 57-61 per 10,000; P < 0.0001). The mortality rate of patients with ICU admissions with overdoses averaged 7% (95% CI, 7.0-7.6%) but increased to 10% in 2015 (95% CI, 8.8-10.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The number of deaths of ICUpatients with opioid overdoses increased substantially in the 7 years of our study, reflecting increases in both the incidence and mortality of this condition. Our findings raise the need for a national approach to developing safe strategies to care for patients with overdose in the ICU, to providing coordinated resources in the hospital for patients and families, and to helping survivors maintain sobriety on discharge.
Authors: Richard C Dart; Hilary L Surratt; Theodore J Cicero; Mark W Parrino; S Geoff Severtson; Becki Bucher-Bartelson; Jody L Green Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2015-01-15 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Meeta Prasad Kerlin; Gary E Weissman; Katherine A Wonneberger; Saida Kent; Vanessa Madden; Vincent X Liu; Scott D Halpern Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2016-12-15 Impact factor: 21.405
Authors: Alexander Y Walley; Ziming Xuan; H Holly Hackman; Emily Quinn; Maya Doe-Simkins; Amy Sorensen-Alawad; Sarah Ruiz; Al Ozonoff Journal: BMJ Date: 2013-01-30
Authors: Ju Nyeong Park; Saba Rouhani; Leo Beletsky; Louise Vincent; Brendan Saloner; Susan G Sherman Journal: Milbank Q Date: 2020-08-18 Impact factor: 4.911
Authors: Gary E Weissman; Meeta Prasad Kerlin; Yihao Yuan; Rachel Kohn; George L Anesi; Peter W Groeneveld; Rachel M Werner; Scott D Halpern Journal: Ann Am Thorac Soc Date: 2020-01
Authors: Rachel H Alinsky; Bonnie T Zima; Jonathan Rodean; Pamela A Matson; Marc R Larochelle; Hoover Adger; Sarah M Bagley; Scott E Hadland Journal: JAMA Pediatr Date: 2020-03-02 Impact factor: 16.193
Authors: Valerie S Harder; Susan E Varni; Kimberly A Murray; Timothy B Plante; Andrea C Villanti; Daniel L Wolfson; Sanchit Maruti; Kathleen M Fairfield Journal: Int J Drug Policy Date: 2021-06-06