Karim Awad1,2, Bruce Jaffray1. 1. Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. 2. Department of Paediatric Surgery, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt.
Abstract
AIM: To describe the outcomes of oesophageal replacement using stomach in children. METHODS: All children undergoing oesophageal replacement in a regional centre were prospectively recorded in a customised database and subjected to continual follow up. Complications within 30 days were classified as early, and all other complications were classified as late. Outcomes were related to a comprehensive analysis of published experience where studies were classified as having long-term follow up if the median duration exceeded 5 years. RESULTS: Ten children underwent oesophageal replacement using the stomach between 1998 and 2016. Indications were oesophageal atresia (6), caustic ingestion (2), foreign body ingestion (1) and oesophageal hamartoma (1). Two children died at 2 and 7 months after gastric transposition. All survivors are under review, with a median follow up of 8.5 years (range 3-14 years). Complications occurred in every case. Among survivors, three had early complications and eight had late complications. Early complications included anastomotic leak (2) and lung compression by stomach (1). Late complications were anaemia (8), anastomotic stricture (7), oesophagitis (5), dumping syndrome (2), perforation of a jejunostomy (1), para-gastric hiatal hernia (1), gastric outlet obstruction (1), Barrett's oesophagus (1), prolonged inability to swallow (1) and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (1). Among 57 publications, only three achieved complete long-term follow up. The incidence of reported complications was higher when follow up was complete. CONCLUSIONS: Oesophageal replacement by gastric transposition in children leads to serious chronic morbidity. Published experience masks this because of incomplete and short follow up.
AIM: To describe the outcomes of oesophageal replacement using stomach in children. METHODS: All children undergoing oesophageal replacement in a regional centre were prospectively recorded in a customised database and subjected to continual follow up. Complications within 30 days were classified as early, and all other complications were classified as late. Outcomes were related to a comprehensive analysis of published experience where studies were classified as having long-term follow up if the median duration exceeded 5 years. RESULTS: Ten children underwent oesophageal replacement using the stomach between 1998 and 2016. Indications were oesophageal atresia (6), caustic ingestion (2), foreign body ingestion (1) and oesophageal hamartoma (1). Two children died at 2 and 7 months after gastric transposition. All survivors are under review, with a median follow up of 8.5 years (range 3-14 years). Complications occurred in every case. Among survivors, three had early complications and eight had late complications. Early complications included anastomotic leak (2) and lung compression by stomach (1). Late complications were anaemia (8), anastomotic stricture (7), oesophagitis (5), dumping syndrome (2), perforation of a jejunostomy (1), para-gastric hiatal hernia (1), gastric outlet obstruction (1), Barrett's oesophagus (1), prolonged inability to swallow (1) and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (1). Among 57 publications, only three achieved complete long-term follow up. The incidence of reported complications was higher when follow up was complete. CONCLUSIONS: Oesophageal replacement by gastric transposition in children leads to serious chronic morbidity. Published experience masks this because of incomplete and short follow up.