Differentiating Iconella from Surirella (Bacillariophyceae): typifying four Ehrenberg names and a preliminary checklist of the African taxa.

To comply with the new phylogeny within the Surirellales as supported by molecular and morphological data, re-evaluations and re-combinations of taxa from and within the genera Surirella, Cymatopleura, and Stenopterobia and with the re-established genus Iconella are necessary. Since the African diatom flora is rich with taxa from these genera, especially Iconella, and the authors have studied these taxa recently, describing also new taxa, a preliminary checklist of African Iconella and Surirella is here presented. 94 names are contained on this list. 57 taxa have been transferred to Iconella; 55 taxa were formerly ranked within Surirella and two taxa within Stenopterobia. 10 taxa have stayed within Surirella and six taxa have been transferred from Cymatopleura to Surirella. 20 Surirella and 1 Stenopterobia names are listed which are either unrevised or unrevisable since morphological data is missing. Four names and taxa described by Ehrenberg are here typified. Two had been transferred to Iconella already: Iconella bifrons (Ehrenb.) Ruck & Nakov and Iconella splendida (Ehrenb.) Ruck & Nakov. Two are re-transferred from Cymatopleura to Surirella: Surirella librile (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. and Surirella undulata (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb.; both taxa are currently known by their younger synonyms: Cymatopleura solea (Bréb.) W. Smith and Cymatopleura elliptica (Bréb. ex Kützing) W. Smith. Lectotypes for Iconella bifrons, I. splendida, Surirella librile, and S. undulata were designated.

Introduction

taxa have been recognized, drawn, and described very early in diatom history since they often have large cells. The genus Bory is within the first published diatom genera which are still in current use: by Gmelin in 1791, by Lyngbye in 1819, and by Bory in 1822, by Bory in 1824, and by Agardh 1824, by Turpin in 1828; further important genera were later described such as by C. Agardh in 1830, by Ehrenberg in 1832, by Kützing in 1833, by Ehrenberg in 1837, by Kützing in 1844, by Ehrenberg ex Kützing in 1844, by Hassall in 1845, etc.

The genus name was introduced by P.J.F. Turpin in 1828 who had found it in a collection by the French medical doctor Suriray from brackish waters at the coast of Le Havre in France. He published beautiful drawings which had been enlarged in the microscope by 300×. Ehrenberg also used this 300x enlargement for his research and used this genus name first in 1834 for and ; in his 1838 publication (Ehrenberg 1838) he ranked as a subgenus of and contained in it the species , , , , (type of the name of the genus introduced by Turpin), and (no according to Jahn and Kusber 2004). For each of these he added a ? between the genus and the epithet which meant that he thought that this species might belong to a new genus to be differentiated from ; at the end of the text he wrote that they definitely belong to the genus because of their different mode of division in comparison to . By 1845 Ehrenberg (1845a, b) had also recombined and with (see typifications below).

Subsequently, more taxa were discovered. W. Smith (1851: 7) explains the morphology of : “Valves concave, with a longitudinal central line and margins produced beyond the suture (winged). … The concavity of the valves, their winged margins, and the longitudinal central line, which wants the central depression so conspicuous in the Naviculae, are characters which sufficiently distinguish from all other genera. I believe a careful examination of the loricae … would detect the presence of alae in all the species.” In this paper he also described and differentiated his new genus against , the main differences being “the undulated surface of the valves seems to indicate a peculiarity of structure sufficient to constitute a generic difference, and the absence of alae and costae implies a further diversity in the internal character which cannot be regarded as unimportant” (W. Smith 1851: 12). Subsequently, W. Smith recombined (= Ehrenb.) and (= Ehrenb.). In his Treatise on the Diatoms, Van Heurck (1896: 374) reintroduced and validated the genus which had been first mentioned by Brébisson; his short differential diagnosis against is: “Frustules very elongated and very narrow, sometimes sigmoid.”

All the above mentioned genera, , , , (for (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. ex Kütz. see Poulíčková and Jahn 2007) are part of the order (sensu Round et al. 1990, Ruck and Kociolek 2004, and Ruck et al. 2016a) which are canal-raphe-bearing diatoms with a circumferential raphe at the entire valve margin. The genera and which have a canal-raphe-not positioned around the entire valve margin, had been placed into the order (Round et al. 1990) but Ruck et al. (2016a) placed them also into the order because their monophyly is strongly supported by molecular data (Ruck and Theriot 2011, Ruck et al. 2016a). However, the publications of Ruck et al. (2016a, 2016b), performed with morphology and molecular markers on those , strongly reject the monophyly of several genera in the current classification (Round et al. 1990), especially concerning the genera and . In order to provide a home to taxa which do not fit into their strict genus definition, Ruck et al. (2016b) reintroduced the genus which had been established by Jurilij in 1949 and which had been established as a subgenus by Ehrenberg, validated by Grunow and raised to genus rank by Ruck and Guiry (2016).

In the tropical African aquatic ecosystems, taxa from the genera and , as traditionally known, play an important role (Ross 1983, Cocquyt and Vyverman 1994, Cocquyt 2000). In typifying historical material from African waters as described by Otto Müller (Cocquyt and Jahn 2005, 2007a, 2007b, 2007c, 2007d, 2014), by Cholnoky (Cocquyt et al. 2017), by Foged (Cocquyt and Kusber 2010), by Woodhead and Tweed (Cocquyt et al 2013), we have tried to reevaluate earlier findings of these taxa as well as their endemism. In order to help researchers to name their taxa correctly, we are providing a list of African taxa which have been recombined with a different genus; we are also listing those taxa whose names did not change. Since some of Ehrenberg’s species have been the basis for varieties of African taxa, we are including the typification of four taxa originally described by Ehrenberg and synonymizing two younger taxa.

Material and methods

From the Ehrenberg Collection at BHUPM (Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin), the following materials (for details of the collection see Jahn and Kusber 2004) were investigated:

540128-6 ()

540178-1 ()

540177-3 ()

540177-4 ()

540138-6 ()

Zeichenblatt No 1130 ()

Zeichenblatt No 1160 ()

Zeichenblatt No 1151 ()

Zeichenblatt No 1163 ()

New names and typifications are registered in PhycoBank (Kusber et al. 2017), a registration system for nomenclatural acts (see Barkworth et al. 2016) which is currently in the trial phase. Stable http identifiers are linking to the prototype portal. When possible, we are using long-term stable and semantic web compatible identifiers for specimens according to Güntsch et al. (2017).

Two specimens at BR (Botanic Garden Meise) have been reinvestigated and documented. For specimens not seen at BRM (Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Hustedt Diatom Study Centre, Bremerhaven), Simonsen (1987) was consulted. Author names are standardized according to IPNI database (The International Plant Names Index 2017). For several nomenclatural details the Index Nominum Algarum (1988+) and the AlgaTerra database (Jahn and Kusber 2005+) have been used.

Results and discussion

Typification of species described by Ehrenberg

(Ehrenb.) Ruck & Nakov in Notulae algarum 10: 1. 2016.

≡

≡

Lectotype

(designated here). BHUPM 540128-6 “Trockenpräparate CXXVIII 6”. (The valve representing the lectotype is reproduced here as Fig. 1A).

Figure 1.

A–B Lectotype: BHUPM 540128-6 C–D Ehrenberg's drawing BHUPM 1130 showing different shapes of the same species in Ehrenberg's concept. Scale bar for A = 10 µm.

http://phycobank.org/100029

Comments.

The combination in Ehrenberg (1843) has been accepted by Kützing (1844: 61). The specimen of the lectotype was misprinted as “547806-3” in Cocquyt and Jahn (2007b) (McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 7.10). was introduced in Ruck et al. (2016a) and validated in Ruck et al. (2016b).

(Ehrenb.) Ruck & Nakov in Notulae algarum 10: 2. 2016.

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≡

(designated here). [icon!] Drawing BHUPM 1160. (The cell representing the lectotype is reproduced here as Fig. 2A “2-4”).

Figure 2.

. Lectotype: Drawing BHUPM 1160. A The alive cell representing the lectotype in three views (hand written numbers 2-4), length 188 µm B Later documentation of valve details by Ehrenberg, hand written numbers 5-6 represent a 226 µm long cell.

http://phycobank.org/100030

Further material.

Mica preparation BHUPM 540178-1 shows a girdle view with dark inclusions and is not informative for identification.

Comment.

was introduced in Ruck et al. (2016a) and validated in Ruck et al. (2016b).

(Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. in Ber. Bekanntm. Verh. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1845: 139 table. 1845.

≡

(designated here). [icon!] BHUPM 1151c, d. (The cell representing the lectotype is reproduced here as Fig. 3A–B).

Figure 3.

. Lectotype: Drawing BHUPM 1151. A Girdle view representing the lectotype (corresponding to preparation BHUPM 540177-3 in 3D) B Valvar view representing the lectotype; Ehrenberg indicated two views of one cell with dots between the undulated girdle view in A and the valvar view in B. C Corresponding preparation BHUPM 540177-4 D Corresponding preparation BHUPM 540177-3 E Documentation of Ehrenberg’s observations in 1826 F Small cells in girdle view not correponding to the published protologue. Scale bar for C–D = 10 µm.

http://phycobank.org/100031

BHUPM 540177-3 „Trockenpräparate CLXXVII 3“ (Fig. 3D), BHUPM 540177-4“ Trockenpräparate CLXXVII 4“ (Fig. 3C).

Synonyms.

= Bréb. in Brébisson & Godey, Alg. Falaise: 51, pl. VII, p.p. 1835.

≡ (Bréb.) Bréb., Consid. Diat.: 17. 1838.

≡ (Bréb.) W. Sm. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. 7: 12. 1851.

Nomenclatural comment.

Ehrenberg (1845a) introduced and used the name . In this publication (1845a) he described all species new to science formally with a Latin diagnosis. Because he did not mark the species as new to science, Ehrenberg introduced the name as a new combination of under the then accepted genus name . This combination can be verified PageBreakby the images Ehrenberg (1854) provided e.g. for Berlin material “Brakisches, strichweis lebendes, Erdlager unter Berlin” (Ehrenberg 1854: pl. 14: fig. 38).

Taxonomical comment.

Ehrenberg (1832) published by a description which included the length of 1/10 Paris Line which is 225.6 µm. But this measurement does not correspond to the first observations he made in Berlin 1826 drawn on a small piece of paper (Fig. 3E) and glued onto the drawing sheet BHUPM 1151. Nevertheless, the published measurement corresponds perfectly to two of his specimens on his drawing sheet BHUPM 1151 showing a living cell in valvar and girdle view (Fig. 3A–B). Therefore, Ehrenberg (1832) was the first who described the species which was some years later described again as Bréb. & Godey (1835) which was later recombined as (Bréb.) W. Sm. (1851) and became type of the name of the genus (Smith 1851). Ehrenberg’s specimens, probably deposited in 1835 or 1836 (see Ehrenberg 1838) give proof (Fig. 3C–D) of his earlier findings (Ehrenberg 1832). In addition, Ehrenberg apparently also observed the form which is identified today as “” (cf. Fig. 3F, e.g. Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1988, Hofmann et al. 2013). Schoeman and Archibald (1979) had accepted Ehrenberg’s taxon as having priority under . Later was conserved against Hassall with as its type (see Wiersema et al. 2015). Since is here not accepted at the rank of a genus, this conservation is not applicable to our taxonomic treatment.

(Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. in Ber. Bekanntm. Verh. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1845: 307. 1845.

≡

(designated here). BHUPM 540138-6 “Trockenpräparate CXXXVIII 6” (The valve representing the lectotype is reproduced here as Fig. 4D).

Figure 4.

. A–C Drawing BHUPM 1163 D Lectotype: BHUPM 540138-6, Trockenpräparate CXXXVIII 6. Scale bar for D = 10 µm.

http://phycobank.org/100032

Further original material.

Drawing BHUPM 1163.

Synonyms.

Bréb. ex Kütz., Kieselschal. Bacill., 61, pl. 28: fig. 28. 1844.

≡ (Bréb. ex Kütz.) W. Sm. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 7: 13. 1851.

Ehrenberg (1845b) introduced and used the name . In this publication he described all species new to science formally with a Latin diagnosis. Because he did not mark the species as new to science, Ehrenberg introduced the name as a new combination of under the then accepted genus name . This combination can be verified by the drawing Ehrenberg (1854) provided e.g. for Berlin material “Brakisches, strichweis lebendes, Erdlager unter Berlin” (Ehrenberg 1854: pl. 14: fig. 39). Since Ehrenberg published this taxon name already in 1838, his name has priority over .

Autapomorphies

In the the raphe canal runs marginally at the edge of the valve. This canal is interrupted on the external valve face at the poles of the valve while internally the raphe is continuous at the head pole, and interrupted at the base pole. Differences between the three genera had been defined as (according to Hofmann et al 2011):

● : valves are crossed by several large undulations which are not interrupted near the median line (= axial area). The raphe is located within a shallow keel (Spaulding and Edlund 2008).

● : valves are elongated or curved sigmoid-like with equally sized poles. The canal raphe is raised above the valve onto a keel (Spaulding and Edlund 2010).

● : valves are iso- or heteropolar, transapical undulations are finely structured and interrupted near the median line.

○ group: raphe canal sits directly at the valve mantle; the raphe is interrupted at both poles. Supporting elements are the fibulae which project from the valve mantle more or less into the center of the valve face.

○ : raphe canal rises above valve face and mantle and is located on a wing. Where the canals of the wings, the alar canals, meet the valve face, in LM appears an apically running wavy line which has been named a loop (Schleifenbildung). Between the alar canals lie fenestrae.

These traditional differentiations based on outline, undulations and median line (formerly named pseudoraphe or axial area) were not supported by the molecular data (Ruck et al. 2016a). Ruck et al. (2016a) therefore proposed morphological autapomorphies for the differentiation of genera. As a true autapomorphy they accepted only the morphological differentiation between the and the group within which means the raphe canal is located either directly on the mantle () or rises above the valve and mantle and has alar canals with fenestral openings occluded by fenestral bars ().

Since the type of the name of the genus , , belongs to the group, the make up the true genus including also the taxa from the genera because their raphe canal also is located on the valve mantle. Taxa from the group as well as taxa – and a few taxa i.e. – belong to the reinstated genus . Since alar canals have also been found in marine sensu lato (now (Ehrenb. ex Kütz.) Ruck & Guiry), an additional autapomorphy for besides the occluded fenestral openings are the internally rimmed pores.

This means that the above list of features for identifying the genera needs to be revised (according to Ruck et al. 2016):

● s.s. ( only plus formerly ; most of its marine taxa are now , the freshwater taxa ): communication between the raphe canal and interior through a funnel- or chalice-shaped structure.

● (formerly marine : raphe canal rises above the valve and mantle; it has alar canals with fenestral openings often unoccluded and with simple unrimmed pores.

● s.s. (restricted to the plus ): the raphe canal is located directly on the mantle.

● (formerly , plus formerly ): raphe canal rises above the valve face and mantle and has alar canals with fenestral openings occluded by fenestral bars with internally rimmed pores.

taxa reported from tropical Africa are few. Beside the more common and (W. Sm. ex Roper) Hust. the only endemic species is Hust., reported from Lake Tanganyika. Since we cannot determine currently to which genus the African taxa associated historically with belong, we have excluded them from this study. Marine taxa are also not part of this study.

The African and taxa as described in O. Müllers papers are currently being studied by us and will be published elsewhere.

African Taxa

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X1/1 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganikasee”.

http://phycobank.org/100033

- Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 354: fig. 9; pl. 355: fig. 1. 1922, nom. inval.

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

Lectotype.

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X1/7 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See. 6”.

http://phycobank.org/100034

- Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 355: 5 - 6. 1922, nom. inval.

(Cholnoky) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Cocquyt et al. 2017). UNWH NIWR 186/3707 “Tugela Village, Nkunzini”.

http://phycobank.org/100035

(Cocquyt & R. Jahn) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

≡

≡

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). [icon] Müller 1903, pl. 2, fig. 1; reproduced as fig. 8 in Cocquyt and Jahn (2005) “Plankton of Lake Malombe [Malawi]”.

http://phycobank.org/100036

= O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 32, pl. 2: fig. 2. 1903.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). [icon] Müller 1903, pl. 2, fig. 2; reproduced as fig. 7 in Cocquyt and Jahn (2005a) “Plankton of Lake Malawi, northern part, Tanzania”.

(Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

Holotype.

C Ghana 141/1961. “Southwest Ghana. Fresh water (a small stream in bamboo thicket between the villages Agona and Nsuaem, Loc. No. 12). 9.III.1961.”

http://phycobank.org/100037

(Woodhead & Tweed ex Cocquyt, Jüttner & Kusber) Cocquyt, Jüttner & Kusber comb. nov.

≡

NMW C90.12.179 “River Chigara, Sierra Leone”.

http://phycobank.org/100038

- Woodhead & Tweed in Hydrobiologia 12 (2/3): 202, pl. 6 figs 71, 73. 1958, nom. inval.

(Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

C Ghana 151/1961. “Southwest Ghana. Fresh water (the Bonsa river, a tributary to the Ankobra river; Loc. No. 14). 9.III.1961.”

http://phycobank.org/100039

(O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). B 40 0040181 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040181] “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Nyassa [Lake Malawi, Malawi] (sample B 52 0000039 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000039])”.

http://phycobank.org/100040

= G.S. West in J. Linn. Soc., London. Bot. 38: 166, pl. 8: fig. 6. 1907.

Localities.

“Tanganyika – In plankton, Kituta Bay (25 Aug. 1904; no. 77), near Mbete (28 Sept. 1904; no. 105, and near Kala (19 Nov. 1904; no. 170)”.

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM 220/39 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika - G.S. West, Exp.”.

http://phycobank.org/100041

- in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 309: fig. 2. 1914, nom. inval.

(Hust. ex Simonsen) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

BRM X1/59 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika-See.”.

http://phycobank.org/100042

- Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 309: fig. 1. 1914, nom. inval.

(Cholnoky) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Cocquyt et al. 2017). UNWH NWU 07–172 “Eastlands, Umtali District, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Stream bank fully exposed to sunlight, source of mountain ravine on a fern hill on border of Eastlands”.

http://phycobank.org/100043

(Cocquyt & J.C. Taylor) Cocquyt & J.C. Taylor comb. nov.

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BR 4345. “Zambia, Luapula Province, Ntumbachushi Falls, , leg. J.C. Taylor 12-349”.

http://phycobank.org/100044

(Cocquyt & R. Jahn) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

Holotype

(in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007d). BR 4099 (ACBUA 576) Lake Tanganyika “Lacus Tanganyika, Gatororongo (Burundi), Africa centralis”.

Isotype

(in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007d). B 40 0040243 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040243].

http://phycobank.org/100045

(Cholnoky ex Cocquyt, J.C. Taylor & Kusber) Cocquyt, J.C. Taylor & Kusber comb. nov.

≡

UNWH NIWR 332/6627 “Mount Kenya”.

http://phycobank.org/100046

- Cholnoky in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 107: 362, fig. 25–26, 1960, nom. inval.

(Cocquyt & J.C. Taylor) Cocquyt & J.C. Taylor comb. nov.

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BR 4399 “Oriental Province, DR Congo, Lomami River (0.49339° N and 24.16960° E). Epiphyton on dead submerged wood”.

http://phycobank.org/100047

(Cocquyt & R. Jahn) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

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≡

(cited as holotype but in fact designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X6/63 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See”.

http://phycobank.org/100048

- Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 355: fig. 10. 1922, nom. inval.

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X7/59 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganikasee” of the plate.

http://phycobank.org/100049

Description in the caption in Hustedt (1922).

(Foged) Cocquyt & Kusber comb. nov.

≡

≡

C Ghana 204/1961 “West Ghana. Fresh water (a small river north of the village Dwinyana; Loc. No. 30). 12.III.1961.”

http://phycobank.org/100050

- Cholnoky 1959, nom. inval.

Variety of Ruck & Nakov in Notulae algarum 10: 3. 2016.

(Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

C Ghana 151/1961 “Southeast Ghana. Fresh water (a river near the village Dodowa, Loc. No. 62). 1.III.1961”.

http://phycobank.org/100051

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM 222/72 “D.O. Afrika. Regenpfütze im Dumagebiet” German East Africa, rain barrel.

http://phycobank.org/100052

- Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 295: fig. 5, 6. 1913, nom. inval.

(Cocquyt & J.C. Taylor) Cocquyt & J.C. Taylor comb. nov.

Cocquyt & J.C. Taylor in Eur. J. Taxon. 133: 3, figs 1–5. 2015.

BR 4398 “Oriental Province, DR Congo, Lomami River (). Epiphyton on ; collected by François Darchambeau and Ernest Tambwe on 24 Nov. 2012”.

http://phycobank.org/100053

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X2/9 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganika See. 6”.

http://phycobank.org/100054

Although Hustedt (in Huber-Pestalozzi 1942) reported this taxon as “nicht selten” it was never observed by other investigators.

(O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

≡

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a). B 40 0040240 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040240] (the valve representing the lectotype was published as fig. 1 in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a) “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Nyassa (Lake Malawi), Malawi”.

http://phycobank.org/100055

= O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 28, pl. 1: fig. 5. 1903.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a). slide B 40 0040241 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040241] (the valve representing the lectotype was published as fig. 2 in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a) “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Nyassa (Lake Malawi), Malawi”.

= O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 28-29, pl. 1, fig. 6. 1903.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a). B 40 0040239 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040239] “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Nyassa (Lake Malawi), Malawi”.

= O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 29, pl. 1, figs 7, 8. 1903.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a). B 40 0040238 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040238] (the valve representing the lectotype was published as fig. 4 in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a) “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Nyassa (Lake Malawi), Malawi”.

= [var. ] f. Woodhead & Tweed ex Cocquyt, Jüttner & Kusber in Diatom Res. 28:124, fig. 3. 2013.

NMW C90.12.229 “Rokupr, site E, Sierra”.

= [var. ] f. O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 29, pl. I, fig. 9. 1903.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a). B 40 0040238 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040238] (the valve representing the lectotype was published as fig. 5 in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a) “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Nyassa (Lake Malawi), Malawi”.

(Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

C Ghana 144/1961 “Southwest Ghana. Fresh water (a small river in the rain forest near the village Esamang, Loc. No. 12). 9.III.1961”.

http://phycobank.org/100056

(Cocquyt & R. Jahn) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

≡

(designated in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007b). [icon] Müller 1903, pl. 1, fig. 13 “Lake Tanganyika”. 1D in Cocquyt & Jahn (2007).

Epitype

(designated in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007b). BR 4101 “Lake Tanganyika, Burundi; near Kibwe 105 km south of Bujumbura, sandy, stony beach with abundant tufts of Griff. ()”.

Isoepitype

(designated in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007b). B 40 0040242 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040242] (ACBUA 660/2).

http://phycobank.org/100057

(O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007b). B 40 0040236 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040236] “Lake Malombe”.

http://phycobank.org/100058

= O. Müll. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 30-31, pl. 1, fig. 12.1903.

Lectotype (designated in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007b). [icon] Müller 1903, pl. 1, fig. 12. “Lake Malombe” according to Cocquyt and Jahn (2007b).

= O. Müll. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 30, pl. 1, fig. 11 1903.

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Simonsen 1987). X2/57 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganikasee. 6”.

http://phycobank.org/100059

- Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 353: fig. 8, 9. 1922, nom. inval.

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X2/58 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See”.

http://phycobank.org/100060

(Cocquyt & R. Jahn) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

≡

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007b). [icon] Pl. 1. fig. 1 in Müller (1903) reproduced as fig. 1A in Cocquyt and Jahn (2007b) “unknown” locality.

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007b). Slide B 40 0040235 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040235], from Müller's material B 52 0000058 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000058] (the valve representing the epitype in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007b as fig. 7C “The River Olunga (Tanzania)”.

http://phycobank.org/100061

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(cited as holotype but in fact designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X7/58 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganikasee”.

http://phycobank.org/100062

- Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 354: figs 1, 2. 1922, nom. inval.

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X2/70 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See.”

http://phycobank.org/100063

(Cocquyt & R. Jahn) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

≡

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). [icon] Müller 1903: t. 1, fig. 3; reproduced as Fig. 4 in Cocquyt and Jahn (2005) Lake Nyassa [Lake Malawi] near Likoma on the bottom.

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). B 40 0040180 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040180] Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Malawi, Malawi (sample B 52 0000039 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000039].

http://phycobank.org/100064

Taxonomical remark.

According to Cocquyt and Jahn (2005a), the taxonomic concept (Ehrenb.) Hust. sec. Hustedt in Schmidt (1912) pro parte falls into synonymy.

(O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). B 40 0040182 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040182] Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Malawi, Malawi (sample B 52 0000039 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000039]).

http://phycobank.org/100065

Variety of (W. Sm.) Ruck & Nakov in Notulae algarum 10: 2. 2016.

(Compère) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov. et stat. nov.

Compère in Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 45: 380, figs 11, 23. 1975.

BR 982 “Chad, Lake Chad”.

http://phycobank.org/100066

(O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

≡

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007d). B 40 0040230 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040230] “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi), Malawi” (sample B 52 0000039 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000039])”.

= O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 34, pl. 2, fig. 7. 1903.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007d). [icon] Pl. 2: fig. 7 in Müller (1903) “Lake Malombe, after discharge of Lake Malawi, Malawi”.

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007d). B 40 0040231 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040231] “Lake Victoria near the isle of Djuma” (sample B 52 0000100 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000100]).

http://phycobank.org/100067

= Ostenf. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41: 343. 1908.

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X2/85 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See. 6”.

http://phycobank.org/100068

- Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 354: figs 3–5. 1922, nom. inval.

(O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). slide B 40 0040183 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040183], river Songwe [Tanzania] (sample B 52 0000036 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000036]).

http://phycobank.org/100069

(Forti) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

Type locality.

Ethiopia, lago Zulay. Coll. Giov. Negri.

http://phycobank.org/100070

(Compère) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

BR 984, Compère 3875. “Lac Tchad, à 10 km au N du delta du Chari, plancton”.

http://phycobank.org/100071

This species is illustrated by LM and SEM in Bogaerts et al. (2014), additional illustrations are given here in Fig. 5.

Figure 5.

. Valve from the holotype slide BR 984. A, C Overview of the entire valve at different foci B, D Detail of the middle part of the valve at different foci B is showing the fenestral openings below the raphe canal and D the striae and the transapical undulations. Scale bar for A, C = 20 µm; scale bar for B, D = 10 µm.

(Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

C Ghana 279/1961 “Northeast Ghana. Fresh water (a small river near the village Nagbog, Loc. No. 53). 21.III.1961”.

http://phycobank.org/100072

(A.W.F. Schmidt) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

≡

(here designated). [icon!] A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 23: fig. 15. “Whatabevot”

http://phycobank.org/100073

From two different localities A.W.F. Schmidt (1875) depicted three valves with an axial area including a central line and spines at both ends of this line. The valve depicted as pl. 23: fig. 15 fits the criterium “illustration with analyses” (McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 38.10) because many small spinules on the valve surface are clearly shown. Therefore we have choosen pl. 23: fig. 15 as the lectotype. fig. 16 is less detailed. We exclude the depicted specimen collected at Khayenmatay (fig. 17) from the species because with its denser costae and less distinct wing projection it probably belongs to a different species.

(O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007d). B 40 0040228 “Lake Malawi near Langenburg, Tanzania, between 40-70 m depth (sample B 52 000014 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000014]).

http://phycobank.org/100074

= O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 33, pl. 2: fig. 4. 1903.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007d). B 40 0040229 “Lake Malawi near Langenburg, Tanzania, between 40-70 m depth” (sample B 52 000013 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000013]).

(G.S. West) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

Type specimen not studied but specimens from Lake Tanganyika observed (Cocquyt 1998).

“Tanganyika – In plankton, Komba Bay (11 Oct. 1904; no. 135) and near Kala (19 Nov. 1904; no. 170).”

http://phycobank.org/100075

(Cholnoky) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Cocquyt et al. 2017). [icon]. fig. 134 in Cholnoky (1956) “Umgeni river by Albert Falls. 14.X.1954”, leg. W.D. Oliff.

(designated by Cocquyt et al. 2017). UNWH NIWR 193/3860 “Kwa–Zulu Natal, Umgeni River at Albert Falls, Umgeni, South Africa”.

http://phycobank.org/100076

(O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005). [icon] Müller 1904, fig. 3; reproduced as fig. 22 in Cocquyt and Jahn (2005a), Rufidji (Usambara-Usagara region) Pangani rapids.

http://phycobank.org/100077

(G.S. West) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

Locality.

“Tanganyika – In plankton, near Ndauvie (7 Feb. 1905; no. 227).”

http://phycobank.org/100078

Type specimen not studied but specimens from Lake Tanganyika observed (Cocquyt 1998).

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Simonsen 1987), BRM 242/6 DR Congo “Belg. Kongo. 39”.

http://phycobank.org/100079

(Cholnoky) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

UNWH NIWR 169/336 „Uferwasser des Kunene-Flusses bei Swart Boois Drift. Stille Bucht am Südufer, 8.8.1961“.

http://phycobank.org/100080

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X3/69 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See”.

http://phycobank.org/100081

- Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 354: figs 3–5. 1922, nom. inval.

(Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

C Ghana 223/1961 “North Ghana. Fresh water (the Sorri river, the White Volta river system, Loc. No. 35). 16.III.1961”.

http://phycobank.org/100082

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X4/45 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganika See. 6”.

http://phycobank.org/100083

- Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 353: fig. 2, 3. 1922, nom. inval.

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X4/57 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See”.

http://phycobank.org/100084

- Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 356: fig. 1, 2. 1922, nom. inval.

(Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

C Ghana 119/1961 “Southest Ghana. Fresh water (a small river in the rain forest west of Takoradi; Loc. No. 8) 8.III.1961”.

http://phycobank.org/100085

= Foged in Biol. Skr. 15 (1): 126, 152, pl. 25: fig. 5.

Holotype. C Ghana 218/1961 “West Ghana. Fresh water (the Suhin river, the Black Volta river system; Loc. No. 33. 13.III.1961”.

(Compère) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

BR 987 (see also Bogaerts et al. 2014), Compère 3880, Tchad.

Valves from the holotype slide are given in Fig. 6

Figure 6.

. A–D Valves from the holotype slide BR 987 A–C valvar views showing the size range D girdle view. Scale bar = 10 µm.

http://phycobank.org/100086

(O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

≡

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005). [icon] Müller 1903: t. 1, fig. 2; reproduced as fig. 1 in Cocquyt and Jahn (2005a) “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Nyassa [Lake Malawi, Malawi]”.

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). B 40 0040179 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040179] “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Malawi, Malawi (sample B 52 0000038 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000038])”.

http://phycobank.org/100087

According to Cocquyt and Jahn (2005a), the taxonomic concept (Ehrenb.) Hust. sec. Hustedt (in Schmidt 1911) pro parte falls into synonymy.

(O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). [icon] Müller 1903, pl. 2, fig. 8; reproduced as fig. 24 in Cocquyt and Jahn (2005a) “Lake Malawi, near Island of Likoma (sample B 52 0000025 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000025])”.

http://phycobank.org/100088

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X4/89 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See. 6”.

http://phycobank.org/100089

- Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 354: fig. 6, 7. 1922, nom. inval.

(Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(cited as holotype but in fact designated by Simonsen 1987). X4/9589 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See. 6”.

http://phycobank.org/100090

Updated taxonomy of African taxa

Cocquyt & R. Jahn nom. nov.

≡

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM Xa/20 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganika See”.

http://phycobank.org/100091

- Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 367: figs 1–2. 1927, nom. inval.

The epithet name “” was chosen because of Pfitzer in Bot. Abh. Morphol. Physiol. 2: 107. 1871. is a homotypic synonym of Turpin.

(O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

≡

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2014). B 40 0040250 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040250] (the valve representing the lectotype was published as fig. 1D in Cocquyt and Jahn (2014) “Malawi, Lake Malombe, after the discharge of Lake Malawi”.

http://phycobank.org/100092

(Cocquyt & R. Jahn) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

B 40 0040184 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040184]; the valve representing the holotype was published as fig. 6E in Cocquyt and Jahn (2014) “Malawi, Lake Malawi near Langenburg”.

http://phycobank.org/100093

- O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 23. 1904, nom. inval.

- var. [] f. O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 23. 1904, nom. inval.

- var. [] f. O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 23. 1904, nom. inval.

- var. [] f. O. Müll. in A.W.F.Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 245: fig. 3. 1904, nom. inval.

Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 283: fig. 5. 1912.

(cited as holotype but in fact designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM 218/56.

“Togo, Westafrika 1912, Lagunenschlick”.

O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 36, pl. 1: fig. 14. 1903.

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007c). [icon] Müller (1903): pl. 1: fig. 14 “Lake Nogzi, a brackish water lake in the crater of the mountain Nogzi on the northern edge of Kondeland, at 2000 m asl, Tanzania”.

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007c). B 40 0040234 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040234] (the valve representing the epitype was illustrated as fig. 4 in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007c) “basin near the hot spring of Utengule, Beya Mountain (Tanzania)”.

(O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

≡

(designated in Cocquyt and Jahn 2014). B 40 0040251 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040251] (the valve representing the lectotype was published as fig. 5 B in Cocquyt and Jahn (2014) “‘Nyassaland’, Tanzania, Lake Malawi near Langenburg”.

http://phycobank.org/100094

Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 357: fig. 8, 9. 1925.

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X2/87 Cameroon “Kamerun, Lagune”.

(G.S. West) Cocquyt & R. Jahn comb. nov.

≡

(designated in Cocquyt and Jahn 2014). BM 34183 “Tanganyika – In plankton, near Kala (19 Nov. 1904; no. 170).”

http://phycobank.org/100095

Cocquyt & R. Jahn in Cryptog. Algol. 28: 111, figs 7–12, 18–21. 2007.

B 40 0040232 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040232] (the valve representing the holotype is illustrated as fig. 7 in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007c) PageBreak“Olunga River (Ohmga) in Ussangu northern Mount Kinga, Tanzania (sample B 52 0000058 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000058])”.

Cholnoky in Hydrobiologia 19: 106, 1962.

≡

(designated by Cocquyt et al. 2017). UNWH NIWR 191/3802 “Bewässerungskanal bei Vredendal near Olifantsriver”, leg. A.H.P. Engelbrecht.

http://phycobank.org/100096

O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 36, pl. 2: fig. 10. 1903.

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007c). [icon] Müller (1903): pl. 2: fig. 10 “basin near the hot spring at Utengule, Tanzania”.

= [var. ] f. O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 36, pl. 2: fig. 11. 1903.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007c). [icon] Müller (1903): pl. 2: fig. 11 “Lake Rukwa”.

Cholnoky in Portugaliae Acta Biol. Sér. B. 4: 226, fig. 120, 1954.

(designated by Cocquyt et al. 2017). UNWH NWU 07–138 “Moss growing on rocks at edge of stram in full sunshine in gully South of road to Vumba, Umtali – 27.7.1952” leg. N.C. Chase.

http://phycobank.org/100097

Hust. in Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 15: 505. 1938.

(cited as holotype but in fact designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X4/3 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See”.

- Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 356: fig. 5, 6. 1922, nom. inval.

Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2): 516, fig. 631. 1942.

(cited as holotype but designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X4/30 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganikasee. 3rd Tang. Exp., G.S. West”.

- Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 309: fig. 15. 1914, nom. inval.

= Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2), 517, fig. 631A. 1942.

Lectotype (designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X4/34 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganikasee 6”.

For taxonomical results and discussion see Cocquyt and Vyverman (1993).

Hust. in Arch. Hydrobiol. 18: 249. 1927.

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM 224/92 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See. Grund. 6, 2”.

- Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 356: fig. 7. 1922, nom. inval.

Cocquyt & R. Jahn nom. nov.

≡

≡

(designated in Cocquyt and Jahn 2014). B 40 0040252 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040252] (the valve representing the lectotype was published as fig. 3D–E in Cocquyt and Jahn 2014) “Malawi, Lake Malombe, after discharge of Lake Malawi”.

http://phycobank.org/100098

The new epithet was chosen because of Bramb. & P.B. Ham.

Unrevisable and unrevised taxa

Giffen in Beih. Nova Hedwigia 21: 145, pl. 4: figs 92–95. 1966.

Holotype. Giffen collection 30/6 “Fort Hare, Cape Province” South Africa.

Woodhead & Tweed in Rev. Algol. N. S. 5: 144, fig. 4. 1960, nom. inval.

Locality. “Sierra Leone, Rokupr” (Several localities are cited but no type is indicated McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 40.1).

Comment. Taxon unrevisable according to Cocquyt et al. (2013).

Ehrenb. ex Cocquyt & R. Jahn in Cryptog. Algol. 26: 150. 2005.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005b). BHUPM 130715 b “Lacus in monte Camdebo Graaf Reinet proximo, Provincia Capensis, Africa Meridionalis”.

- Ehrenb., Mikrogeologie 245, 254. 1854, nom. inval.

Taxonomical comment. Species closely related to and . Further studies are needed, including SEM to evaluate its taxonomic position, which is only possible if material from the type locality can be obtained; otherwise unrevisible.

Hust. in Explor. Parc Natl. Albert. Mission H. Damas 8: 155, pl. 15: fig. 11. 1949.

Lectotype (cited as holotype but in fact designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM 244/34a DR Congo “Belg. Kongo. 39. Karisimbi-See. +3800 m”.

Comment. Sampling site is located very probably on the Rwandan side of the border with DR Congo.

Taxonomic comment: Hust. in Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr. 42: 156, figs 391–393. 1942, described from Indonesia was transferred to (Hust.) Vyverman in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belgique 122: 74. 1989. Further studies are needed to evaluate Hustedt’s forma and its taxonomic position.

R. Maillard in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. [Paris], Bot. 30: 39, 43 Pl. 3: fig. 1. 1977, nom. inval.

Localities. Mali “Congo et Mozambique” (Several localities are cited but no type is indicated McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 40.1).

Woodhead & Tweed in Hydrobiologia 12: 202. 1958, nom. inval.

Locality. Sierra Leone: R. Makoke at Maranda (see Cocquyt et al. 2013).

H.Bachm. in Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 42: 707, 709, pl. 26: fig. 7, 8. 1933.

Locality. Lake Victoria “Victoria Nyanza”.

Cholnoky in Hydrobiologia 7: 184, fig. 82, 83. 1955.

Syntype localities. Rayton-vlei 30 km E of Pretoria, South Africa, “Tümpelchen“ and “Bächlein” leg. Cholnoky.

Cholnoky in Hydrobiologia 7: 184. 1955.

Type indicated. 10–12 km N of Rayton, 30–35 km NE of Pretoria, South Africa “Leeufonstein Quellen”

Cholnoky in Nova Hedwigia 2: 118, figs 342, 343. 1960.

Type indicated. “Port Shepstone 362, Kleiner, sickernder Seitenbach des Unzimkulwana-Flusses nahe dem Paddock-Eingange im Oribi Gorge. 22.7.1958.”

Iltis in Rev. Algol. 10 (4): 334. 1972, nom. inval.

- Iltis in Rev. Algol. 10 (2) 174, figs 10–12, pl. 2: fig. 3, 4. 1971, nom. inval. et nom. illeg. [non Giffen 1966].

Localities. Chad, Mali “Mare du 3e barrage à Bol. . Puits près de la mare de Latir. ” (Two localities are cited but no type is indicated McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 40.1).

Comment. Iltis was the intended substitute name for Iltis [non Giffen 1966] but based on an invald name (McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 40.1).

Woodhead & Tweed in Hydrobiologia 12: 202, fig. 72. 1958.

Locality. Sierrra Leone, Lake Sofon.

Comment. Taxon unrevisable according to Cocquyt et al. (2013).

Woodhead & Tweed in Rev. Algol. 5: 145, fig. 5. 1960, nom. inval.

Locality. “Sierra Leone, Rokupr” (Several localities are cited but no type is indicated McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 40.1).

Comment. Taxon unrevisable according to Cocquyt et al. (2013).

Woodhead & Tweed in Rev. Algol. 5: 146, fig. 9. 1960

Type. Mambolo (2352).

Comment. Taxon unrevisable according to Cocquyt et al. (2013).

[var. ] f. Woodhead & Tweed in Rev. Algol. 5: 146, fig. 7. 1960, nom. inval.

Locality. Sierra-Leone (Several localities are cited but no type is indicated McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 40.1).

Comment. Taxon unrevisable according to Cocquyt et al. (2013).

Reichelt in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 295: fig. 4. 1913, nom. inval.

Locality. Kalahari.

Comment. Type and description of the depicted species are missing.

Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 353: fig. 1. 1922.

Lectotype (cited as holotype but in fact designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM 4/59 “Lafirio-Fluß. Deutsch-O-Afrika” (Simonsen 1987).

Comment. Description in the caption of the plate.

Cholnoky in Bot. Not. 1954: 290, figs 95, 96. 1954.

≡ (Cholnoky) Brassac, T.Ludwig & Torgan in Diatom Research 18: 186. 2003.

Locality. “Moosrasen auf einer kleinen Insel zwischen Gras. Debegeni” South Africa.

J.R. Carter & Denny, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 73: 325, pl. 8: fig. 274. 1982.

Holotype. BM 78108 “Sierra Leone, River Jong (Taia) at Njala”.

Cholnoky in Portugaliae Acta Biol. Sér. B, 6: 140 fig. 168. 1958.

Holotype. FR 118 “In rivulo apud Modderpoort prope oppidum Nylstroom (Transvaal)”.

Cholnoky 1962 in Hydrobiologia 20: 337, fig. 45. 1962.

Type indicated. “Unnamed mountain stream between Piggs Peak and Mbabane, 3.7.1961, leg. H. Welsh”, “Swaziland”.

Conclusion

55 taxa – formerly ranked within - have been transferred to ; most of these have been shown to be endemic (Ross 1983, Cocquyt et al. 1993, Cocquyt and Vyverman 1994, Cocquyt 1998, 2000,) and many of them, especially the large species, have become planktonic in the East African great lakes (Müller 1905, Hustedt in Huber-Pestalozzi 1942, Cocquyt 1998). In addition, two taxa – formerly ranked within – have been transferred to . 10 taxa have stayed within , (although the position of has to be genetically verified), and six taxa have been transferred from to . For completeness sake, 21 taxa have been listed which are either unrevised or unrevisable because missing morphological data do not allow us to decide if the raphe is raised on a keel.

When more taxa from the genera and have been studied molecularly, especially the endemic species from Africa and other tropical regions, further autapomorphies might be discovered which might support the differentiation into further groups. With the currently available data, the solution by Ruck et al (2016a, b) clarifies their phylogeny and presents a very workable approach.